ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 2613 8 November 1950
FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS - 1244) 4 December 1950
1. PERSONAL DETAILS:| PW NAME: | TU, Chen Hwan (杜振環) |
| RANK: | Pvt ( ) |
| AGE: | 25 |
| DUTY: | Infantryman |
| UNIT: | 38th Army, 2nd Div, 338th Regt, 1st Bn, 2nd Co, 1st Plat, 3rd Sqd |
| EDUCATION: | None |
| OCCUPATION: | Farmer |
| PLACE OF CAPTURE: | At a point 40 km S of HUICH’ON (熙川) and approx 8 km E of KUJANG-DONG (球場洞). |
| DATE OF CAPTURE: | 9 Nov 50 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH: | CHINA, JEHOL-SHENG, LINHSI-HSIEN, EHRTAOYING-TZU (中國 熱河省 林西縣 二道 營子) |
| HOME ADDRESS: | Same as above |
| INTERROGATOR: | Sgt AA LIU (FEAF) |
PW illiterate but cooperative. Reliability, fair.
3. CHRONOLOGY:13 Mar 49: Conscripted at LINHSI-HSIEN (林西縣) along with more than 1100 others. Ail assigned to the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Bns of the Independent Basic Training Div. PW was assigned to 7th Sqd, 3rd Plat, 5th Co, 3rd Bn.
5 Apr 49: Departed LINHSI-HSIEN. Accompanied by 1st and 2nd Training Bns comprising an independent training division.
17 Apr 49: Arrived PINGCHUAN (平全), MANCHURIA.
17 Apr 49 - 3 Aug 49: Trained at PINGCHUAN.
3 Aug 49: Departed PINGCHUAN.
13 Aug 49: Arrived CHINCHOU (銱州), MANCHURIA.
13 Aug 49 - 17 Aug 50: Trained at CHINCHOU.
17 Aug 50: PW's Bn ordered to KAIYUAN. Heard that 1st and 2nd Bns departed for PEIPING (北京), CHINA.
19 Aug 50: Arrived KAIYUAN (開源), MANCHURIA. At this point, PW's training unit redesignated as 3rd Sqd, 1st Plat, 2nd Co, 1st Bn, 338th Regt, 2nd Div, 38th Army, CCF. Entire 38th Army located at KAIYUAN.
19 Aug 50 - 27 Oct 50: Basic training received at KAIYUAN.
27 Oct 50: 38th Army departed KAIYUAN by rail.
29 Oct 50: Arrived CHIAN (輯安), MANCHURIA
29 Oct 50: Crossed YALU River and entered MANP'OJIN (滿浦鎭), N KOREA. Proceeded S.
4 Nov 50: Arrived HUICH’ON (熙川), N KOREA. Engaged in first battle.
6 Nov 50: Engaged ROK Forces, vicinity of CHONGSAN Mt. Wounded on·same date.
9 Nov 50: Captured at a Point 8 km E of KUJANG-DONG (球場洞) vicinity of CHONISAN Mt.
4. ORGANIZATION:
NOTE: The approach march is a column formation.
6. STRENGTH:A typical infantry squad, is made up of 10 men. The squad is organized into 3 sub-squads. Two of the three sub-squads are comprised of three men each and are armed with rifles, sub-machine guns or grease guns, stick grenades and bayonets. The other sub-squad, 4 men, operates the light machine gun.
The squad leader and ass't squad leader are armed with Japanese made, 45 caliber submachine guns or American grease guns, 200 rounds of ammunition each and one Chinese made stick grenade each.
Each of the 4 riflemen is armed with a 25 caliber Japanese made rifle, a Japanese made bayonet, 4 Chinese made stick grenades and 60 rounds of ammunition.
The Sub-squad of 4 men operates an American made LMG (Basic load eight hundred rounds of ammunition).
The Ass’t platoon leader is armed with an American carbine and one hundred (100) rounds of ammunition.
The Platoon leader is armed with either a Chinese or Japanese made Mauser and 50 rounds of ammunition (this armament typifies that of all officers).
60 mm Mortar Plat is organized into three (3) squads of twelve (12) man each. The squad leader and ass’t squad leader carry one round of ammunition each. 4 men transport the 60 mm mortar. 6 men, each carrying 3 rounds, brings the total ammo supply of the 60 mm Mortar Plat to 20 rounds per mortar.
HMG Company is armed with 8x45/calibre (sic) Chinese or Japanese made HMG. 4 of the weapons are water cooled and 4 arc air cooled. Each would has a basic load of 1500 rounds, carried by 11 men.
Each 82 mm mortar has 18 rounds. Each platoon has 2x82 mm mortars. Two (2) squads operate the mortars; the third squad functions as the ammunition unit.
Signal platoon is organic to regiment and has one radial The platoon is divided into 3 squads. One squad operates the radio, the remaining 2 squads conduct reconnaissance operations. Platoon has only 4 Mauser pistols and 50 rounds for each weapon.
120 mm Howitzer Bn has 6x120 mm howitzers. Strength - 189 (all unarmed).
Officers are all armed with Japanese or Chinese made Mausers.
7. PERSONALITIES:3rd Squad Leader: WANG, Chin Chung (王金忠) (1st Plat 2nd Co)
Ass’t 3rd Squad Leader: HU, Chin Tsai (胡金財)
1st Plat Loader: LIU, Yu Shang (柳瑀向) (2nd Co, 1st Bn)
Ass’t 1st Plat Leader: CHI, Yung Tasi (智勇財)
Company Commander: WANG, (FNU) (王) (2nd Co, 1st Bn)
Ass’t Company Commander: LEE, (FNU) (李)
Political Officer: LIU, Tsai (柳財) (2nd Co, 1st Bn)
Ass’t Political Officer: LEE (FNU) (李)
Personnel of the 338th Regt, 2nd Div, 38th Army are principally Chinese. Approx one-half of the officers were North Koreans who had boon in MANCHURIA since the Japanese surrendered on 1 Aug 45.
8. EQUIPMENT:The motor transport battalion is attached to Army. Organic vehicles are identical with American vehicles, i.e ¼ T, ½ T, 3/4 T, 2½ T, etc. Some of the vehicles are of American manufacture, some are Chinese. Chinese made vehicles are identical with the American military vehicles and are manufactured at MUKDEN and HARBIN. Two drivers are assigned to each truck. One of the drivers is armed with a 25 calibre Japanese made rifle and one hundred (100) rounds of ammunition
9. FOOD AND CLOTHING SUPPLY:Clothing is issued to the soldiers twice a year - once in the winter and once ion the summer.
Food, ammunition and other military supplies for the 38th Army were drawn at MUKDEN and taken by rail to KAIYUAN (開原). At KAIYUAN the arms and ammunition were issued to the men and units. Food was sent by rail to CHIAN (輯安) on the YALU River. Food was carried on trucks the rest of the way and issued out to the men at three day intervals. The issued food was inadequate so the soldiers had to live off the country. Each company was responsible for its own food supply so on ch company sent about four man out each morning and night to forage for food.
The 38th Army had no ammunition or supply dumps in KOREA.
10. MORALE:There is a propaganda unit of about one hundred and fifty (150) parsons organic to the division. One third of the unit was female. Members of the unit were sent to the companies on (TDY) to lecture and entertain the men.
The men of the PW's unit were given basic training for seventeen (17) months. They were then given intensive training in Communism from 19 Aug 50 to 27 Oct 50. Three (3) hours every day, six (6) days a week they attended lectures and discussions. The Communist Party
members first held meetings amongst themeselves, then in turn conducted meetings for the rest of the soldiers. At these meetings the soldiers were told that:
The USA is an imperialistic nation.
South KOREA and the KUO-MING-TANG were also imperialistic.
The USA is trying to conquer North KOREA and MANCHURIA in order to prepare for war against RUSSIA.
The Chinese must help the North Koreans and RUSSIA by fighting the USA in order to preserve MANCHURIA and the integrity of CHINA.
CHINA has many soldiers while the USA has very few so there is nothing to fear.
The USA be-headed prisoners of war.
They (the CCF) were not to surrender.
The USA had the Atom Bomb.
It was extremely powerful.
One bomb dropped on either MUKDEN or HARBIN would either city completely.
The UN would not let the USA use the bomb.
If the USA did use the bomb, RUSSIA has promised to retaliate by dropping Atom Bombs on US cities.
11. REMARKS:PW saw an American soldier made prisoner at HUICHON (熙川) on 4 Oct 50 by the 3rd Bn, 338th Regt, 2nd Div, 38th Army. The US soldier was wounded in one of his arms.
The PW feared napalm bombs dropped by the US bombers most.
At the start of a campaign each man is given a definite amount of ammunition - 50 rounds for a rifleman. The rifleman is instructed to have a definite target and to take aim before he fires. He is also instructed to use captured enemy weapons and ammunition whenever he can.
Instructions are given in individual camouflage,
12, DAILY TRAINING SCHEDULE OF A RECRUIT:0430 - Raveille
0430 to 0500 - Running. exercise
0500 to 0600 - Personal Hygiene
0600 to 0700 - Breakfast
0700 to 0900 - Classes in reading and writing
0900 to 1200 - Training in use of individual weapons
1200 to 1400 - Lunch and rest
1400 to 1600 - Classes in reading and writing.
1600 to 1730 - Recreation and exercise
1730 to 1800 - Roll Call
The schedule for the PW was continuous for 17 months.
13. PHYSIOLOGICAL WARFARE:The PW has never seen any leaflets dropped by the UN Forces,
He believes that if the following points were stressed in the propaganda leaflets dropped to the Chinese troops they would be very influential in causing defection amongst the CCF.
That Chinese taken prisoners would not be beheaded but would be given good treatment.
That they would be given good food, clothing and tobacco.
That their personal belongings would not be taken away.
For the Commanding Officer:
SHAPPELL
