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ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 1790　12 October 1950

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS - 1069)　8 October 1950

PW claims to have surrendered voluntarily believes that he should not be treated as an ordinary PW. He had an arrogant look, however, answered questions cooperatively. Stated that he has been and always will be an anti-communist. No further interrogation recommended.

Dec 45: Inducted into the Manchurian Volunteer Corps and assigned to an all Korean division as squad leader.

Feb 48: Division officially designated the 166th Division with the strength of approx 10,000. Division comprised of three rifle Regts; no artillery unit. PW promoted to Capt. Assumed position of Bn Intendance officer.

23 Jul 49: 166th Div departed MUKDEN by rail. One week prior to departure, division personnel was reshuffled in the formation of an artillery regt in addition to the three rifle regts. Division armed with an assortment of Jap and US weapons from rifles up to heavy mortars. PW, who had previous artillery training with the Japanese Kwantung Army, was assigned to the artillery Regt as Bn Commander with the rank, Maj.

24 Jul 49: Division detrained at SINUIJU.

1 Aug 49: Division redesignated the 6th Division composed of the 13th Regt, 1st Regt, 15th Regt and the 6th Div Arty Regt. The Regt, 1st Regt, 15th Regt and the 6th Div Arty Regt. The 1st Regt, composed entirely of local Koreans, was transferred from the 1st Div and, in return, the 14th Rifle Regt of the 6th Div to the 1st Div.

Nov 49: 6th Div re-equipped with Russian weapons. Weapons brought from CHINA were turned in - disposition unknown. 6th Div Arty Regt issued full TE of artillery pieces and prime movers (24 x 76mm guns; 12 x 122mm howitzers; 36 x Russian trucks).

May 50: 6th Div Departed SINUIJU (新義州), by rail. detrained at SARIYON (沙里院).

25 Jun 50: 6th Div crossed the 38° parallel N of KAESONG (開城).

Sep 50: 6th Div advanced to CHUNGAM-NI (中岩里) via KONGJU (公州), KUNSAN (群山), SUNCH’ON (順天), CHINJU (晉州).

27 Sep 50: 6th Div pushed back to CHINJU. PW informed, by Regt’l CO, of the INCH’ON landing. Preparations immediately made for withdrawal. Destination, N KOREA. Route to be taken, unspecified.

1 Oct 50: Entire 6th Div, and estimated 6,500 strong, arrived in mountain approx 4 km E of CHANGGYE-RI (長溪里), via SANCH’ONG ( ), HAMYANG (咸陽). Division still had its HMGs and 82mm mortars (number unk). All heavier weapons were discarded along the way. Artillery pieces were discarded at SANCH’ONG (山淸). About 50% of the 6,500 men were replacements, including a few S Koreans, Morale was low but there was no talk of mass surrender, either among the officers or the EM. At time of PW’s desertion, division was preparing to proceed north, following a route somewhere east of TAEJON. Upon learning that CHANGGYE-RI (長溪里) was in the hands of UN forces, PW, who claims to have waited a long time for just such an opportunity, deserted unit and surrendered to the US 23rd Inf.

With the exception of informant’s brother, all following were last seen in the mountains approx 4 km E CHANGGYE-RI on 1 Oct.

Name: PANG, Ho San (方虎山) (방호산)

Rank: Maj Gen (小將)

Age: 37

Position: CG, 6th Div

Remarks: Extensive military experience with the CCF. in command of the 6th Div in MANCHURIA.

Name: KIM, Hu Jun (金候鎭) (김후진)

Rank: Col (大佐)

Age: 27

Position: CO, 1st Regt

Remarks: Served with the CCF, Assumed command of Regt, Aug 50. Formerly CO of NCO Trng Bn, 6th Div.

Name: HAN, Il Lae (韓日來) (한일래)

Rank: Col (大佐)

Age: 32

Position: CO, 13th Regt

Remarks: In command of Regt since activation in MANCHURIA.

Name: KIM, Ch’ang Yong (金昌永) (김창영)

Rank: Col (大佐)

Age: 27

Position: CO, 15th Regt:

Remarks: Assumed command of Regt, Jul 50. Formerly C/S 15th Regt.

Name: LEE, Pang Nam (李박南) (이박남)

Rank: Maj Gen (少將)

Age: 40

Position: CG, 9th Div

Remarks: Served with the CCF. Formerly CO, 15th Regt, 6th Div.

Name: P’YO, Pu So (표부서)

Rank: Sr Col (總佐)

Age: 34

Position: C/S, 6th Div

Remarks: Served with the CCF. Appointed C/S, Sep 50. Formerly, Operations Officer, 6th Div.

Name: CHI, Ki Myong (池基明) (지기명)

Rank: Civilian

Age: 34

Educ: Primary School (6yrs)

Occup: House painter

Place of Birth: Same as PW’s birthplace

Present Address: Same as PW’s address

Remarks: Subject is PW’s older brother. Arrived N KOREA, with wife, 1947. Acted as interpreter for the Jap Kwantung Army during World War Ⅱ, a fact which has been a faily secret since end of the World War Ⅱ. He is blacklisted by the communists. Residing in P’YONGYANG incognito and probably engaged in underground work against the Reds. On last meeting, Apr 50, he disclosed nothing to PW concerning underground activities.

Name: KANG, Ch’i Jun (姜致俊) (강치준)

Rank: Col (大佐)

Age: 31

Position: CO, 6th Di Arty Regt

Remarks: Assumed command of Regt, Jul 50, upon the death of the original CO, CHANG, U CH’ol (張宇哲) who was killed in action. KANG was formerly C/S, 6th Div Arty Regt.

Name: KIM, Hyon GI (金현基) (김현기)

Rank: Lt Col (中佐)

Age: 27

Position: C/S, 6th Div Arty Regt

Remarks: Appointed C/S, Jul 50. Formerly 1st Bn, 6th Div Arty Regt.

Name: HONG, Se Ung (洪世雄) (홍세웅)

Rank: Maj

Age: 25

Position: CO, 1st Bn, 6th Div Arty Regt

Remarks: Assumed command, Jul 50. Formerly, C/S, 3rd Bn, 6th Div Arty Regt.

Name: KIM, Sun Dong (金順東) (김순동)

Rank: Maj (少佐)

Age: 26

Position: CO, 2nd Bn, 6th Div Arty Regt

Remarks: Assumed command of Bn, Aug 50. Formerly 1st Bn exec, 6th Div Arty Regt.

Name: SO, Chu (徐周) (서주)

Rak: Lt Col (中佐)

Age: 31

Position: Political officer (deputy commander), 6th Div Arty Regt

Remarks: Held position since activation of Arty Regt.

Name: PAK, Hae Min (朴海民) (박해민)

Rank: Lt Col (中佐)

Age: 24

Position: Intendance officer: (deputy commander), 6th Div Arty Regt

Remarks: Held position since activation of arty regt.

each battery has a survey section composed of one fire direction officer and four EM. The battery survey sections controlled the fire of their respective batteries only when assigned separate firing missions. Each section is equipped with an adequate supply of 1:25,000 maps; 1 x Russian BC scope (6 power) with vertical and horizontal mil scales; 2 x compass direction finders (mil scale).

In Bn mass fire, the Bn survey Sections (one Lt and five EM) furnished all fire data for their respective Bns. Bn Survey Sections are equipped similarly to battery Survey Section. The Bn communications platoon and the batteries` communications squad, equipped with necessary in the maintenance of efficient fire control.

Fire is adjusted by one gun and the final adjustment thus relayed to rest of the battery or batteries concerned. This system is SOP in all NKA artillery units. The primary purpose for such a system is to save ammunition. Adjustment in depth is very bold, taking as much as 800 m by the initial shot. Succeeding adjustments are halved, down to within 50 m of the target, after which, the battery or bateries concerned, fire for effect. Lateral adjustments are calculated by the horizontal mil scale on the reticle of the BC scope. PW received instruction on meteorological calculations pertinent to artillery fire adjustment but such calculations were not practiced in the field owing to the absence of personnel and equipment for such technical work.

The NKA artillery firing technique is patterned after that of the USSR. Mass fire is very popular, concentrating all guns on one specified target for softening-up purposes, prior to infantry attack.

An artillery barrage, preceding a full-scale infantry attack, usually lasts for about 30 minutes. 20-24 rounds per 10 squre meter are laid on the target area for the first fifteen minutes, decreasing in intensity only upon favorable progress of the attacking elements. Fire is lifted when the infantry is within 200-250 m of the objective. In all night attacks, adjustment is made during daylight hours prior to the attack.

Unobserved firing with the aid of maps (1:25,000) is uncommon in the NKA artillery. Such firing methods are used for harassing and interdictory purposes of enemy troop concentrations, communication lines and artillery positions. In artillery firing of this nature, the probability of error is taken into consideration and proper measures are taken to compensate for this situation. Bracketing fire is commonly utilized in unobserved firing, i.e., each gun is set at a slightly different lateral direction and fires either short or over the target, then changes its range setting every 100 meters, thus bracketing the target area to a depth of 500 m.

The most extensively used ammunition was the fixed (76mm) and semi-fixed (122mm) rounds with HEAT (high explosive anti-tank) projectiles. The only type of fuze used by PW’s unit was the impact fuze. This fuze is so constructed that it provides for either instantaneous or short delay action, I.e., the use of a nose cap provides short delay action whereas the removal of cap provides instantaneous action. This type fuze is used on both 76mm and 122mm ammunition.

Another type of round (fixed), used primarily against tanks, is fitted with a uniquely shaped fuze. This ammunition is used only in 76mm guns and had proven its worth against German “Tiger” tanks during World War Ⅱ. The tip of the fuze is oval-shaped and there is a slight depression midway down the fuze length:

(Probably a copy of the German “arrowhead” projectile)

The tip is constructed of a soft, adhesive material which sticks to the armor upon impact. Its penetration power is motivated by an immense heat pressure of 3,000˚- 4,000˚F. It has a penetration power of 3.5-4“ at 500-700 yards.

For the Commanding Officer: