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ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 3246　7 February 1951

FIELD REPORT (164 MISDI - 1443)　30 January 1951

Cooperative. PW seemed in good physical condition except for a gunshot wound in the left ankle.

PW has had 5 yrs service in the Chinese Nationalist Army and one year in the CCF. He served in both armies as a lieutenant and has considerable knowledge of military activities. He lacks extensive formal education but is alert and remembers much of what information he had access to.

Information is believed to be reliable.

PW was inducted into the CNA Apr 42 in HUNAN SHENG. He was captured by the CCF (unit unknown) 24 Dec 49 in SSUCHUAN SHENG (四川省) when the entire XX CNA Corps capitulated to the CCF. The ex-XX CNA Corps (approx 30,000 men) then waited in SSUCHUAN SHENG for orders from the CCF.

PW departed from SSUCHUAN SHENG with the entire former XX CNA Corps in Chinese junks sailing up the YANGTZE River during Jan 50, and arrived at HANKOU HUPEI SHENG (湖北省漢口) during the middle of Jan 50. There, the former XX CNA Corps was given 5 months political indoctrination. Then in June 50, the overage, physically unfit, and mentally unfit soldiers were discharged and permitted to return to their homes. This being accomplished, the remaining 20,000 former XX CNA Corps were organized into the 167th CCF Div of the 50th Army, 4th Field Army on 5 Jun 50 at HANKOU.

PW departed from HANKOU during sep 50 by train with the entire 167th Div, and arrived in MANCHURIA at HWINAN HSIEN, CHILIN SHENG(吉林省 輝南縣) o/a 8 Oct 50. At this time the 50th Army was composed of 4 Divisions (148th, 149th, 150th and 167th).

O/a 20 Oct 50 the 167th Div was deactivated and 10,000 of its men were incorporated into the 150th Div, the other 10,000 being incorporated into the 148th, and 149th Divisions.

PW departed from HWINAN HSIEN on 28 Oct 50 by train with the entire 159th Div (the 148th, 149th Divisions: preceded the 150th Div by a few days), passing through SHENYANG (MUKDEN), and arrived at ANTUNG on 29 Oct 50. There the division was issued cotton-padded winter uniforms. Mal-functioning weapons were exchanged for useable weapons, and ammunition was issued to all personnel carrying small arms (80 rd per rifle, 500 rd per LMG, and 100 rd per SMG). Each man was issued 8 days ration of yeastless bread, 4 days ration of millet, plus 5 days ration of Kafir corn.

PW departed from ANTUNG with the 150th Div during the night of 2 Nov 50 by train, and arrived at SINUIJ (KE1839), KOREA, at 030300 1 Nov 50. The 150th Div immediately detrained and the 448th Regt marched southward immediately, and arrived at a point in the mountains approx 20 km due south of SINUIJU at 030800 Nov 50.

PW departed from the mountains 20 km south of SINUIJU during the night of 5 Nov 50, marched over mountain trails and arrived with the 448th Regt at CH'ARYON'GWAN (KE4712) at daybreak 6 Nov 50.

PW departed from CH'ARYON'GWAN 8 Dec 50 at night, marched and arrived at YONGAMP' (KE1819) 9 Nov 50. There the regiment bivouacked and waited to defend the city against a possible amphibious invasion by UN forces. Foxholes and trenches were dug in setting up a defense position.

PW departed from YONGAMP'O during the first part of Dec 50, marched (at night only) over automobile roads and arrived at CHONGJU (KD9096) o/a 12 Dec 50. There the 448th Regt rejoined the 449th and 450th Regiments of the 150th Div.

PW departed from CEONGJU o/a 17 Dec 50, marched (at night only) with the entire 150th Div (the 448th Regt was the rear regt and marched with the Div Hg) minus the 448th Regt, 3rd Bn which was ordered to take captured UN PW to some place in MANCHURIA, and arrived approx 5 km east of PYONGYANG o/a 20 Dec 50. The division immediately marched across the frozen TAEDONG River, continued marching (at night only) and traveled over mountain trails, arriving at the village of YANGHADONG (YD4240) on 28 Dec 50.

29 Dec 50, the 449th and 450th Regiments departed southward from YANGHADONG. PW departed from YANGHADONG on 30 Dec 50 with the 448th Regt, 1st and 2nd Battalions, marched, passing through MUNSAN (CS0591) and arrived approx 3 km east of SEOUL during early Jan 51.

PW departed from the point 3 km east of SEOUL with the 448th Regt, 1st and 2nd Bn during the first part of Jan 51 (marching across the frozen HAN River), marched (at night only) over mountain trains, and arrived at SINGAL-LI o/a 14 Jan 51. There the 448th Regiment's 1st and 2nd Battalions halted. PW was told by the 1st Battalion's Education Officer that the 150th Div would wait for two CCF Armies to arrive from the “north” before the 150th Div would proceed any further south. PW was not told which two CCF Armies would arrive.

25 Jan 51, the 445th Regiment's 1st and 2nd Battalions were attacked by infantry. PW was wounded in the ankle by small arms fire and was abandoned by his comrades who were withdrawing northward under pressure from UN infantry. He was captured by advancing soldiers of the 2nd Turkish Brigade at SIN’GAL-LI at 271000 Jan 51.

4th CCF Field Army: 38th, 39th, 40th, 41th, 42nd, 50th and 60th Armies and other Armies.

50th CCF Army: 148th, 149th, and 150th Rifle Divisions

150th Rifle Div: 448th, 449th, and 450th Rifle Regiments

448th Rifle Regt: 3 Rifle Battalions; 92mm Artillery Co, 82mm Mortar Co, Communications Co, Guard Co, Recon Plat, Medical Unit, Political Section, Staff Section, and Supply Section.

1st Rifle Battalion: 3 Rifle Companies and Heavy Weapons Co (also called the 4th Co)

3rd Rifle Company: 3 Rifle Platoons and 60mm Mortar Squad.

3rd Rifle Platoon: 3 Rifle Squads with 8 to 11 men per squad.

4th Heavy Weapons Co, 1st Rifle Bn: 3 Heavy Weapons Platoons. Each Platoon has 3 Squads with an average of 10 men per squad.

25 Jan 51, the 448th Regiment Headquarters was located at the base of a mountain 1 km south of SIN'GAL-LI.

23 Jan 51, a courier from 150th Division Headquarters notified the 448th Regiment that the division CP was located in an unidentified village 6 km north of SIN'GAL-LI but that the CP could be contacted at night only because its personnel were scattered over the hillsides during daylight because of constant aircraft attacks.

24 Jan 51 the 449th Regiment was located several kilometers north of KUMYANGJANG-NI.

148th and 149th Divisions were located somewhere near SUWON(CS2128) as of 25 Jan 51.

The 150th Division was waiting for two unidentified CCF Armies to arrive from the "north" before advancing southward. PW believes that the 148th and 149th Divisions were likewise waiting for the same two CCF Armies.

LIN, Piao (林虎), CG, 4th Field Army.

TSENG, Tse Sheng (會沢生), CG, 50th Army.

FANG, Wen Hsiang (方文祥) (formerly a Major in the CNA), CO, 1st N, 448th Regiment.

NA, Wei (那宬), CO, 3rd Co, 1st Bn, 448th Regt.

CH'ANG, Yuhsi (張壬習), Political Officer, 3rd Co, 1st Bn, 448th Regt.

KUNG, P'ing An (龑乎安), Executive Officer, 3rd Co, 1st Bn, 448th Regt.

TAO, Shu (陱樹), Asst Political Officer, 3rd Co, 1st Bn, 448th Regt.

TU, Chin Yu (杜金壬), 2nd Lieutenant, Platoon Leader, 1st Plat, 3rd Co, 1st Bn.

CHENG, Jen Chiu (鄭仁人), 2nd Lieutenant, Asst Platoon Leader, 1st Plat, 3rd Co, 1st Bn.

CHANG, Wen Wu (張文武), 2nd Lieutenant, Platoon Leader, 2nd Plat, 3rd Co, 1st Bn

LI, Pin (李彬), 2nd Lieutenant, Asst Platoon Leader, 2nd Plat, 3rd Co, 1st Bn.

CH'ANG, Shih Hsing (張世興), 2nd Lieutenant, Asst Platoon Leader, 3rd Plat, 3rd Co, 1st Bn.

WANG, Tien Hsiung (王天雄), 2nd Lieutenant, Supply Officer, 3rd Bn, 448th Regiment.

LIU, En Ching (劉思靑), 2nd Lieutenant, Cultural Officer, 3rd Bn, 448th Regiment.

As of 25 Jan 51, the 150th Division had received no replacements and was expecting none.

Whenever CCF units want food, firewood, or any other items, they dispatch a group of men to the nearest town or village and collect these items there. These CCF groups do not pay the villagers for the food, etc, but give them a slip of paper certifying what and how much was collected. These certified slips could later be turned in to the NK government as part payment of the individual's taxes.

448th Regt personnel received two rations daily. Rations generally consisted of rice since that was available in most villages.

150th Div has received no ammo since departing from ANTUNG 2 Nov 50. However, an adequate quantity of weapons and ammo were received at ANTUNG 30 Oct 50. Little of this ammo had been expended as of 25 Jan 51. This ammo has been issued to the division from freight cars at the ANTUNG RR Station.

Cotton-padded winter uniforms (khaki colored reversible uniforms with white linings) were issued to the 150th Div at ANTUNG on 30 Oct 50. Since then the Div has not been resupplied with clothing, but the resupply is not needed yet. CCF troops, according to PW, do not use civilian clothing.

PW observed 2 x 92mm horse-drawn artillery pieces approx 4 km southeast of SIN'GAL-LI on 23 Jan 51.

No other information.

Regiments of the 150th Division have an unknown number of wireless sets. Battalions have an unknown number of field telephones.

Company Commanders have signal flares but PW states that he does not know details as to when or what they are used for.

The morale of the 448th Regt is low because 90% of the personnel are former CNA soldiers who have little desire to serve the Communists. However, PW believes the combat efficiency to be high anyway. He added that the men are adequately clothed and have sufficient ammunition for the time being. Since most of the 448th Regiment's personnel are former CNA soldiers, they have had enough military training to fight as a coordinated team.

PW has never seen any UN PW. However, the 3rd Bn of the 448th Regt was assigned the mission of escorting UN PW (including, US PW) to some place in MANCHURIA while the battalion was at CHONGJU, NORTH KOREA, o/a 16 Dec 50. The 3rd Bn had not rejoined the 448th Regt as of 25 Jan 51.

Two men in the 448th Regt became ill with typhoid fever. One fell ill at WANGAMP'O during Nov 50. The other fell ill at CHONGJU during Dec 50. Both men were sent to the rear for hospitalization.

The entire 448th Regt personnel received immunization injections against typhoid fever and tetanus during the latter part of Nov 50.

Only 3 cases of severe frostbite developed in the 448th Regt. These men were sent to the rear (destination unknown) for treatment.

a. Did you surrender voluntarily? If so, why?

a. PW was wounded by UN infantry forces and captured by the 2nd Turkish Brigade.

b. Did you see any UN leaflets or hear UN loudspeaker broadcasts?

a. PW saw UN leaflets in the SIN'GAL-LI area but they had become soaked by melting snow and were illegible.

c. Can you describe what they said?

a. NO

d. What was your reaction to them?

a. Negative.

e. Did you hear other soldiers discuss loaflets or broadcasts? What did they say or do?

a. NO

PW had no contact with NKA soldiers, but he stated that CCF troops like the NKA because the latter issue orders to villagers (in the event that the NKA precedes the CCF to any specified village) to welcome the CCF. Korean civilians act friendly toward CCF troops, so the CCF troops like them. PW added that it is impossible to know what the true inward feelings are of Korean civilians toward the CCF, however.

The 448th Regt utilized both main roads and mountain trails. Marching is usually done between the house of 1830 and 0600. The regiment marches in one column and is preceded at 1 to 1■ km by & patrol of 10 to 15 men led by a captain. The column does not halt at all during nights unless aircraft with spot lights appear. In such an event the troops "freeze" motionless until aircraft have passed overhead.

Whenever possible, villages are chosen for bivouacs. During bivouacking, 3 or 4 sentries are posted at vantage points approx 200 meters from the bivouac area. No other security. In snow covered areas, the 150th Div troops reverse their uniforms so that the white linings will blend with the terrain. No other camouflage measures are taken.

Assembly areas for an attack are approximately 40 km behind the front lines. The units ordered to assemble march to the designated assembly area when an officer of field grade rank comes from division headquarters to the regimental Command Posts and gives the order to assemble.

No definite formations are used for assault. Battalions attack while running. EM follow their platoon leaders, who, in turn, follow the company commander and political officer who are physically in front of their companies.

Objectives are not disclosed lo Platoon Leaders and are usually not even told lo company commanders. An attack is continued until flutes are blown upon order of the regimental or division commanders.

Immediately upon capture, Pw are sent to regimental headquarters from where they are sent to division headquarters and then further to the rear. Sometimes, English speaking CCF interrogators are sent from division level to battalion CP to interrogate American PW. PW has never seen this done but has heard that such a policy exists.

A probing attack is an attack to determine the strength of UK forces in any particular area. Details about such an attack are unknown to PW as his unit has never made a probing attack.

Patrolling for the 448th Regt is done only by the regiment's Recon Plat. When the Recon Plat contacts UN forces, one man is dispatched to inform the Regt CO. He provisions are made, as far as PW knows, for the possibility that the Recon Plat may be cut off or ambushed.

Defensive positions are organized for the 448th Regt with 2 x battalions "dug in" and one bn held in reserve (see following sketch).

PW does not know what sort of plans for a counter-attack are made as his unit had never made one as of 25 Jan 51.

In defense, the 448th Regt does not open fire until the UN forces are within 300 meters. Then, only the HMG open fire. If the UN forces advance within 200 meters, the LMG also open fire. Riflemen and sub-machine gunners withhold fire until the UN forces are within 100 meters from them.

Bangalore torpedoes are buried in areas where tanks are likely to approach. A wire is attached to the torpedoes with pull-type fuze, and, as a tank approaches, one soldier pulls the wire which starts the fuze burning. Fuzes burn 3 seconds before exploding the TFT, 2 bangalore torpedoes, each containing 4.5kg of TNT, are sufficient to disable a 35 ton tank. Each rifle platoon has 1 bangalore team composed of 4 men. These teams received 3 days training in the use of bangalore torpedoes while the 448th Regt was at CHONGJU during the middle of Dec 50. The teams practiced on a captured tank. Equipment used were bangalore torpedoes approximately 1 meter long.

Prior to a major attack by a division, battalion engages the UN forces by making a frontal attack. When the UN unit counter-attacks, 2 CCF Regts attack the UN unit from its flanks. If the UN unit does not advance, the 2 CCF regiments advance to the UN unit's flanks and attack. All weapons available to the division are used once the major attack appears to be in "full swing" and the CCF regiments are hitting the flanks of a UN unit.

For the AC of S, G-2: