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ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 3297　12 February 1951

FIELD REPORT (164 - MISDI - 1469)　4 February 1951

PW cooperative; appeared to be in good physical condition although extremely tired.

Has had nine years military experience and better than average civil education.

Information considered very reliable except for the 5 armies under the “4th Field Army”.

4th Field Army: 46th, 47th, 48th, 49th and 50th Armies.

50th Army: 148th, 149th and 150th Rifle Div, Arty Regt, Comm Co, Security Co, Staff Section, Med Unit, Engr Co.

148th Division: 42nd (Code Name: 42nd Bn), 43rd (Code Name: 43rd Bn) and 44th (Code Name: 44th Bn), Rifle Regt, Engr Co, Mortar Bn, Comm Co, Security Co and Med Unit.

43rd Rifle Regt: 3 Rifle Bn, Mortar Co, Comm Co, Med Unit, and Security Platoon.

3rd Rifle Bn: 3 Rifle Co.

9th Rifle Co: 3 Rifle Plat.

1st Plat: 3 Sqd.

1st Sqd: 2 LMG Sections totaling 10 men.

2nd Sqd: 2 Rifle Section and Bangalore torpedo section totaling 12 men to the sqd.

3rd Sqd: 2 Rifle Sections and Bangalore Torpedo Team totaling 12 men to the squad.

Mortar Co, 43rd Regt: 3 Mortar Plat having 3 squads.

Communications Company: 3 Comm Plat each having 3 squads.

Medical Unit: 3 Med Plat each having 3 squads.

Security Platoon: 3 Sqd each having 12 men.

3rd Bn, 43rd Regt Political Officer told PW 20 Jan 51 that 148th Div Hq was at INCH’ON (BS9149).

38th Army Hq located at SEOUL 18 Jan 51.

43rd Regt CP located approx 8 km North SUWON (CS2528) in unidentified village 30 Jan 51.

43rd Regt is normally assigned area of responsibility 10 km wide in both attack and defense.

PW has never heard of 148th Div units establishing a MLR, although he admits there may be such a line. His regiment (43rd Regt) has not made preparations for setting up a MLR.

43rd Regt received orders not to attempt to advance 20 Jan 51. Order came from 148th Div Hq. Reason given was that the div was short of ammo and would not receive ammo supplies until the middle of Feb 51.

43rd Regt usually marches over main highways when it moves. All movements made at night for fear of aircraft attacks. Before dawn, 43rd Regt personnel dig foxholes and trenches approx 500 meters from the highways and sleep in these foxholes and trenches during the day. Foxholes and trenches are dug at the base of hillsides and are camouflaged with boughs and branches.

PW inducted into the Chinese Nationalist Army Jan 41 at YUNNAN SHENG (雲南省). Held rank of 1st Lt. Surrendered to the CCF (11th Field Army) Oct 48 when the entire 93rd CNA Army surrendered at JEHOL SHENG (熱河省).

Departed JEHOL SHENG with 34 other former CNA officers Oct 48, by train, and arrived HARBIN (哈尔滨) 30 Oct 48. There, officers received 5 months of communist political indoctrination.

Departed HARBIN early June 49 with other 34 ex-CNA officers, by train, and arrived CHILIN SHENG (吉林省) o/a 7 June 49. There all officers were assigned to units of 50th CCF Army. PW assigned as plat ldr of 1st Plat, 9th Co, 3rd Bn, 43rd Regt, 148th Div, 50th Army.

Departed CHILIN SHENG o/a 8 Jul 49, by train, with 50th Army, and arrived HONAN SHENG (河南省) o/a 30 July 49.

Departed HONAN SHENG o/a 10 Aug 49, marching with 50th Army, and arrived HUPEI SHENG (湖北省) o/a 25 Oct 49.

Departed HUPEI SHENG Sep 50 with 50th Army, by train, and arrived CHILIN SHENG 20 Oct 50.

Departed CHILIN SHENG, o/a 8 Nov 50, by train with 43rd Regt, 148th Div, and arrived CHI-AN (辑安) 10 Nov 50.

Departed CHI-AN during the night of 10 Nov 50, with 43rd Regt, by Chinese rowboats (20 men per boat) and arrived MANP’OJIN (BA7259), KOREA, 10 Nov 50.

Departed MANP'OJIN 10 Nov 50 with 43d Regt by rowboat, and returned to CHI-AN, MANCHURIA, arriving 10 Nov 50. Returned because MANP'OJIN was already overcrowded with CCF troops.

Departed CHI-AN 11 Nov 50, by train, with 43d Regt, and arrived LIN-CHIANG (臨江) 12 Nov 50.

Departed LIN-CHIANG with 43d Regt during the night of 12 Nov 50, marched over large automobile bridge across the YALU River and arrived KASAN DONG (CA2474) o/a 16 Nov 50.

Departed KASAN DONG with 43d Regt o/a 1 Dec 50, marching at night only, and arrived LIN-CHIANG, MANCHURIA o/a 2 Dec 50.

Departed LIN-CHIANG o/a 3 Dec 50, by train, with 43d Regt and arrived TUNG-HUA (通化), date unknown.

Departed T’UNG-HUA, d/u, with 43d Regt, by train, and arrived ANTUNG (安東) 7 Dec 50.

Departed ANTUNG with 43d Regt during the night of 9 Dec 50, by train, and after traveling approx 45 Km, arrived at unidentified RR station in KOREA during the night of 9 Dec 50.

Departed above mentioned RR station during the night of 9 Dec 50, marched (at night only) over highways with 43d Regt and arrived western part of SEOUL 27 Dec 50.

Departed SEOUL during the night of 30 Dec 50 and marched with 43d Regt to unidentified village approx 20 Km South of SEOUL, arriving o/a 19 Jan 51.

Departed from above mentioned village during the night of 25 Jan 51, marching southward because the regiment had received information from patrols of a general UN advance. Attacked by ROK troops 30 Jan 51 approx 25 Km South of SEOUL.

Upon contacting ROK forces, PW surrendered to 15th ROK Regt with 9 EM from his platoon. They surrendered because they were all former CNA soldiers who hate the CCF.

LIN, Piao (林彪)

CG, 4th Field Army

TSENG, Tse Sheng (曾澤生)

CG, 50th Army

PAI, Chao Hsueh (白兆學)

CG, 148th Div

HUO, (Fnu) (华)

Political Officer, 43d Regt, 148th Div

CHU, Kuang-Yun (朱光雲)

CO, 43d Regt, 148th Div

YAO, (Fnu) (堯)

CO, 3d Bn, 43d Regt

CHUAN, Sheng An (全成安)

CO, 9th Co, 3d Bn, 43d Regt

CHU, Kuo-hsing (周固興)

Deputy CO, 9th Co, 3d Bn, 43d Regt

WANG, Chio-yao (王■堯)

Political Officer

CHUAN Chih-an (全志安)

Plat Ldr, 2d Plat, 9th Co, 3d Bn, 43d Regt

43d Regt received no replacements since coming to KOREA (30 Jan 51).

43d Regt personnel received two bowls of rice daily. Rations obtained by sending detail to Korean villages or towns and collecting rice from residents. Residents given certificate showing amount of rice collected by CCF. Certificates to be turned in to North Korean government in lieu of taxes at some future date.

148th Div received no replenishment of ammo or equipment since personnel received ammunition and cotton-padded winter uniforms during Oct 50, when division was in HUPEI SHENG, CHINA.

Division was expecting ammo to be delivered by truck from MANCHURIA during the middle of Feb 51. Division was awaiting this ammo before continuing to advance South.

43d Regt has 1 wireless transmitter-receiver and 3 field telephones. Each battalion also has 1 field telephone.

Morale of the 43d Regt is low because the men dislike CCF Army life, are suffering from exposure to the cold, and consider their rations inadequate.

Combat efficiency is low because the 43d Regt is afraid to fight during daylight and be exposed to UN air attacks.

PW read in a December issue of the Northeast Newspaper(北東新報), printed in MANCHURIA, that an American 2d Lt had been captured by the CCF. The newspaper stated that the lieutenant was being given good treatment by the CCF and would be returned home.

PW noted no disease in the 148th Div, although most of the men had coughs and colds.

148th Div personnel were innoculated Oct 50.

15 men in the 43d Regt suffered from frost bitten feet so severely that they could no longer walk. They were carried to the rear on litters to the 50th Army’s hospital.

Less severe stages of frost bite were treated by the application of salve which PW stated was not effective.

a. Did you surrender voluntarily? If so, why?

a. PW surrendered voluntarily because he and 9 EM subordinate to him were former CNA soldiers and hated the CCF.

b. Did you see any UN Leaflets or hear UN loudspeaker broadcasts?

a. PW observed UN leaflets dropped approx 20 Km South of SEOUL o/a 20 Jan 51.

c. Can you describe what they said?

a. Leaflets were addressed to Chinese officers and EM. They stated that “your feet are frozen but you receive little treatment; surrender and you will be given medical aid and be treated humanely. You will receive food and you will continue to live”.

d. What was your reaction to them?

a. Because the PW had always hated the CCF, he wanted to believe and did believe the UN leaflets.

e. Did you hear other soldiers discuss leaflets or broadcasts? What did they say or do?

a. CCF soldiers seeing UN leaflets did not discuss them because each plat had four or five communists who would see that individuals furthering anti-communist spirit in the CCF were punished.

Regiments of the 148th Div are called battalions (大隊). These names or characters are used in the hope that they will confuse UN forces causing them to mistake references to actual regiments for references to battalions. Thus, when the 43d Regt is referred to by the CCF, it is called the 43d Bn in the hope that UN forces will think in terms of 500 men, instead of 1,800.

PW is anxious to rejoin the CNA and fight against CCF. If he were permitted to rejoin the CNA, he would commit suicide rather than surrender to the CCF again.

To the best of PW knowledge none of the 50th Army units have ever received amphibious or airborne training. Furthermore, they have received no gas training or equipment.

Each rifle plat in the 43d Regt has two “Bangalore Sections (1 man per section). Bangalore torpedoes are approximately 1 meter long and are used against tanks. The torpedoes have a “pull-type” fuze that burns for from 3 to 5 seconds before exploding the dynamite in the torpedo. Personnel in Bangalore Sections received several days training during Oct 50, at 43d Regt Hq. PW did not receive the training and has never seen a Bangalore torpedo used against a tank, so he does not know how effective an anti-tank weapon it is.

For the AC of S, G-2: