May 31, 1952
Gentlemen:
When some of you gentlemen of the UNCURK came to see me on May 26, Monday, I made it clear, among other things, that the arrests of some Assemblymen involved in a serious Communist plot were under investigation and everything would be made public through a legal trial conducted openly in full view of the public.
Your note of May 28, 1952 reached me after 9 P.M. of the same day. As you remember, we met again the morning of May 29, when I promised to send you a written reply to the note, never thinking that your note would be publicized before you received my answer. Some even heard it broadcast that evening by the Voice of America.
Naturally unaware of the true facts involved in this brewing political upheaval, some of our friends seem to have more confidence in what the group of Assemblymen say, unknowingly of course. Two of the well-known Communist underground leaders have been recently caught and confessed that some of the Assemblymen are in league with the Communists in a scheme to unify north and south Korea through peaceful negotiations. Those who know what this means will understand why we feel deeply concerned.
The investigation of this case has been conducted by the police, and I get their reports. But I could not make them public then and have to wait until the police has completed the investigation. Knowing all this as I do, I have repeatedly assured you and other friends that everything will be made known within a short time, when the court is ready for an open trial of the case.
Meanwhile, some of our friends publicly accused me of being engaged in a struggle for power; this is entirely untrue. The real struggle for power is between the entire nation bent upon electing the President by direct ballot and a group of Assemblymen who are determined to elect the President by themselves, ignoring the expressed will of the people. Meanwhile, some of this group of the Assemblymen have confessed that they had received money from the Communists to finance a plan to unify north and south after the Communist pattern. If we had ever wanted to settle our problem in this fashion, we could have halted the war and made peace with the Communists long ago, or even could have declined to resist Communism in June, 1950. I do not know how other nations may feel about this matter, but what I do know is that my people, each and every one of them, have been and are still deadly opposed to this kind of face-saving surrender. It is my duty as the chief executive of this Republic to stand by the declared mandate of the nation. If I should fail in this, no one knows how to avoid the disastrous consequences that will follow.
From the very serious nature of the conspiracy case cursorily divulged above, I believe you will agree that a proper prosecution of the case itself demands keeping the involved Assemblymen under detention for the time being.
There is no one more anxious than I am to see this country firmly established as a truly independent and democratic state. This has been the sole objective of my life-long struggle. I am now devoting my last days to set on a broader democratic basis this Republic which has been established and is now being defended with your assistance and cooperation. This is exactly where I am now involved in clash of opinion with certain sections of the National Assembly. When I get through with this political conflict, you will see, I am sure, that it is I, not my opponents, who will help achieve the main purpose of your mission here in Korea.
As a matter of fact, it was generally understood at the time of enacting the present constitution -- rather done hastily to suit the urgent demands of the then prevailing situation -- that it was to be further democratized as soon as circumstances permitted. As I already have explained to you in person when you were good enough to come and discuss this matter with me, it is not the President but the Assembly that ignores and suffocates the true spirit of the constitution and fundamental law of the country. The fundamental law of a democratic state is the expressed will of the people. The power of the government, including the legislative organ, is, of course, derived from the people themselves; there is no individual or group of individuals who can supersede the will of the people in a democratic state. All this is clearly stated in the Korean Constitution itself.
Completely ignoring the intrinsic and fundamental basis of the constitution, my political opponents in the Assembly insist on adhering only to letters apt to be dead when severed from the underlying spirit that vitalizes them - of what has been openly admitted to be a temporary arrangement permitting the more expedient method of electing the President by the Assembly and providing a unicameral legislature. This is what the entire nation is opposed to. This has been sufficiently demonstrated by the existence of a wide-spread demand for the dissolution of the Assembly that stubbornly refuses to democratize the constitution, a process which has been long overdue. Piles of documents from all election districts, signed by their qualified electors have been accumulating for the last three months. Furthermore, all of the seven Provincial Legislatures recently elected have sent in their resolutions demanding the dissolution of the Assembly.
As I have offered to you personally, if you care to name any town or city where you want to attend a mass meeting at any time at your own convenience, I invite your attendance; you may go and tell them anything, and ask any questions you may like to put to them. Then you will know without any doubt what the people want.
No political stability (so stressed in your statement) can be achieved by by-passing the decision of the people. Loopholes of the constitution are being taken advantage of by groups conspiring to grab power on one hand, while on the other the evidence of where the will of the people lies is daily mounting. There could not be a clearer call for the executive branch of the Government than to side with the people.
In regard to the Martial Law, it was proclaimed solely to counteract the guerrilla activities, which took the lives of five American soldiers in one single case not far removed from this city, besides numerous other cases where innocent human lives were involved. I need not repeat all that which I have already directly told you to convince you of the need of such a martial law in this city as well as elsewhere. Incidentally, the martial law has been salutary in stopping demonstrations which have recently caused hundreds of people to be injured. I should like to have it clearly understood that, in its origin, the Martial Law had no connection whatsoever with the arrest or detention of any Assemblymen, or any men for that matter. It is purported to be lifted as soon as the emergency conditions casse or mitigate to the point where a martial law can be dispensed with.
As a matter of fact, the Martial Law is only for public security and the policemen are maintaining the peace and law.
(over)