CONFIDENTIAL
Classification
Charge:
SENT TO: SecState, WASHINGTON 1223
Control:
Date: May 26, 1960 10 PM
REF: Deptel 1006
Formation of new conservative grouping drawing on moderate elements DP (in both old and new factions) as well as moderate remnant LP is one of several possibilities in current Korean political situation. Embassy has no evidence, however, that groups which might favor such realignment conservative forces are at present actively working toward this end. In public statements and actions HUH Chung has remained carefully aloof from partisan politics. Although it reasonable to assume he would favor some new conservative grouping over long run, available information and speculation concerning his present contacts with DP (as in selection cabinet ministers and in preparation reform legislation) indicate he in contact with members both old and new factions. Those Democrats in both factions who actively working for constitutional amendment, of course, have been working closely with like-minded Liberals who in turn led principally by “moderates.” (Majority of leading “hard” faction Liberals now removed from political scene by implication in election fraud or, if still at large, forced into passive role.) This, however, appears strictly ad hoc arrangement for purpose passage constitutional amendment, and there there no indication leaders either side giving any serious thought to possibility translating this cooperation into basis for new conservative grouping prior to Assembly elections. (Although number DP extreme new factionists and LP “hard” factionists failed sign constitutional amendment bill, there no clear pattern this regard.)
Expectation that DP will be able win at least majority in forthcoming elections, likelihood that only handful Liberals will be returned regardless of whether they stand as party candidates or Independents, and fear that any association with discredited Liberal Party would invite popular disapproval, combine to deter any Democrats sympathetic to notion new conservative merger from move in this direction prior to general elections. This probably recognized, and accepted, by moderate Liberals. LP Assemblyman WON Yon-sok, for example, recently told Embassy officer that although he favors merger moderate ex-Liberal elements with DP—Won did not distinguish between two DP factions—such development could not occur until after new Assembly elected. On LP side, moreover, there are indications that at least some may seek new home in non-conservative “reformist” movement. YUN Kil-jung, Social Masses' Party spokesman, in fact, recently extended welcome to those Liberals “not condemned by people.” Unlike DP, Social Mass Party may reckon possible infusion manpower and financial resources certain ex-Liberals kill compensate for risk guilt by association.
Prospects for emergence new conservative grouping after election will depend partly on overall strength DP, as well as relative strength its two factions, and strength Independents and representation Opposition parties, both non-conservative and rightist. Both prospects for and character of any such conservative realignment, however, also will be affected by probable changes in attitudes and objectives political leadership in response radically altered situation following downfall RHEE era. In this circumstance, it would be hazardous to assume those groups in either LP or DP previously identified as “moderates” in future will ocupy same position in political spectrum. Conceivably, in DP-controlled government many in present new faction, together with old factionists, will take much firmer stand in dealing with opposition groups, particularly “non-conservatives,” than they would have countenanced when they themselves in opposition. Moreover, it possible composition existing factions DP will shift in response divergence of opinion on matters economic and social policy. In short, such terms as “moderate” and “new” and “old” faction have been primarily descriptive of positions taken in response to particular circumstances Rhee era rather than of any consistent approach to policy or political action.
Embassy does not believe, therefore, that new conservative alignment now emerging through combination old faction DP and moderate Liberals. After constitutional amendment passes and Assembly elections held, new government most likely be formed by Democrats, possibly with some outside conservative support. Subsequently, it possible new party alignments will emerge, as new rival groups within Democratic Party, drawing in on Independent and minor party support, maneuver for political power.
McCONAUGHY
POL: DIRanard DCM: MGreen
TPShoesmith: cv