CONFIDENTIAL
Classification
Control: 4/837
Recd: April 29, 1960 10 A.M.
PRIORITY
FROM: SEOUL
ACTION: DEPARTMENT 1010
INFO: TOKYO 334, CINCPAC/POLAD 213
DATE: APRIL 28, 7 P.M.
In hour long meeting yesterday with Embassy officer, Chang Myon explained steps he believes new necessary in order establish orderly government responsive popular demands. In substance Chang’s proposals were following:
First, President Rhee must step down as soon as possible (meeting took place just before Rhee issued statement resignation (see EMBCIRTEL 4). Interim government then be established immediately headed by Foreign Minister acting as President. Only persons respected as completely honest, above party politics should be appointed to interim Cabinet. Chang did not consider three already appointed (EMBTEL 971) as meeting these requirements although he less critical Huh Chung than Lee Ho, whom he regarded as “lacking guts” and subject LP influence.
Interim government must immediately announce date for direct popular elections for President and Vice President. Reasons for demonstrations were rigged March 15 elections which cheated people out of franchise; Koreans new unanimous their demands that settlement of grievances therefore must include reelections for both offices whether or not this followed by establishment Cabinet responsibility system. He fearful old faction DP along with LP Assembly members working toward election of President by Assembly. Unless requirement for popular election met, Chang believes will be another people’s uprising.
Chang accepts fact that probably people want Cabinet responsiblity system, although he made clear his party included such in its platform at earlier time when believed this was all one could possibly hope obtain from Rhee. Stated he personally accepts Cabinet form responsibility but evidenced no strong support this proposal; recognizes old faction DP favors it. Believes, however, that after interim government issues call for Presidentail reelections, present National Assembly should work for constitutional amendment providing for Cabinet responsibility system. Occurring any time after presidential elections would be reelections to National Assembly.
Other than with respect need for immediate announcement presidential elections, Chang somewhat uncertain as to actual details and sequence steps to follow. Recognizes contradictions involved certain his proposals (electing Vice President while at same time working toward Cabinet responsibility system which would eliminate this position) but appears to believe necessary steps will fall in line as soon as it made clear elections will be held.
Queried specifically whether under Cabinet responsibility system Chang preferred standing for Presidency or Prime Minister, Chang indicated he favored first post, and he had no doubt he could be elected by people. He believed this consistent his past record standing for elective office as well as fact that should he seek Prime Ministership could appear to people he “grabbing for power” in Rhee-like fashion. Asked how, under proposed Parliamentary system, he, as president, could bring influence on government, Chang implied could be done through his control of Democratic Party, which he expected would have majority in next National Assembly.
Chang expressed gratitude Koreans for US role during recent crisis. Stated although he earlier fearful trend to anti-Americanism if US failed act, popular reception given Ambassador during drive to and from Kyungmudae represent true sentiments of Koreans. Chang concluded by asking that US not let down and to use our good offices see that proper men selected Cabinet posts ■■erim government.
Comment: Chang’s assessment necessity prompt announcement Presidential - Vice Presidential elections takes account fact “correction” March 15 elections considered by leaders protest movement as basic demand. As student and otherleaders public opinion now consider nature achievements April 19 and 26 and opinion crystalizes on desired goals, however, considerable support may be voiced for change structure government in direction Cabinet system as means prevent revival “one-man rule” which Rhee symbolized. Although at moment, Korean opinion probably divided and unstable this point, it possible that only formula which will be acceptable to those who achieved downfall Rhee administration will be one embracing both new Presidential elections, as redress for March 15, and Cabinet system as safeguard against future abuse power government.
In any event, Embassy believes popular temper continues demand political leadership quickly draw up program which meets grievances expressed in recent demonstrations. In Embassy view, new Presidential elections essential this connection, although probably this can be combined in variety ways with Cabinet system proposals and other basic reforms.
MCCONAUGHY
jac 29/1055