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ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 4327

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS - 0042)　22 October 1950

PW was cooperative and of average intelligence. Much of PW information is hearsay. He seemed to have an ardent hate for communism, since his father was killed by Chinese communists. Reliability poor.

Apr 39: PW and his family arrived in TUNGKINGCHENG, MANCHURIA. PW attended primary and middle school

Aug 45: At the end of World War II TUNGKINGCHENG was occupied by the Russians.

10 Oct 47: PW father was killed by the CCF troops. Since PW father was one of the wealthier men of TUNGKINGCHENG he was killed by the CCF to prevent any revolt or anti-communist movements by these weatlhy classes.

O/a 10 Feb 49: PW, his mother, brothers and sisters departed TUNGKINGCHENG for KOREA.

TUNGKINGCHENG Airfield:

Observation:

PW observed this airfield on numerous occasions between Apr 39 and Feb 49.

Location:

The TUNGKINGCHENG Airfield was located about 200m N of the TUNGKINGCHENG RR station, immediately 7 of the single-track TUNGKINGCHENG to MUTANCHIANG RR and, 3 km S of the MU-TAN-CH’LANG River.

Area and Dimensions:

The sod covered airfield was roughly circular and measured about 2 km in diameter. The airfield had no border markings, except for a drainage ditch, 1 m x 1 m which surrounded the entire field.

Runways:

PW could not recall the exact number of runways, but he believed there were at least three (3) concrete runways 2,000 m x 25.m, The runways were parallel and ran in a ENE/WSW direction.

Buildings:

On the northern portion of the field there were an undetermined number of concrete hangars and barracks. When PW last observed the airfield in Feb 49 the buildings appeared dilapidated and the roofs of the buildings were missing.

Remarks:

This airfield was formerly operated by the Japanese as a fighter and light bomber base. However, near the end of World War II the Japanese destroyed the installations and evacuated the airfield. When the Soviet Army entered TUNGKINGCHENG, they further destroyed the field by dynamiting the runways. The Soviet force or the CCF have not repaired the airfield as of Feb 49.

Aerial bomb manufacturing plant in TUNGKINGCHENG.

Observation:

In Aug 44, PW and his classmates cut the grass and dug trenches for fire breaks around the bomb manufacturing plant warehouse.

Location:

The northern extremity of the plant area was bordered by a double fence 2 m high. These fences were constructed of electrified barbed wire. These fences extended into the hills and PW could not estimate how far the plant area extended. A double-track RR spur entered the plant area from the N side.

Plant Layout:

PW was restricted to the warehouse area of the plant. PW roughly estimated about 40 warehouses in this area. These buildings were constructed of reinforced concrete and measured 30 m x 10 m x 6 m with gabled, corrugated, sheet-metal roofs. PW helped dig trenches 5 m wide and 2 to 3 m deep around each warehouse for fire breaks.

The main portion of the plant was located to the south of the warehouse area, in the wooded hill. PW heard that this main portion of the plant was located to the south of the warehouse area, in the wooded hill. PW heard that his main portion of the plant was built underground by the Japanese Army. He heard the Manchurian communists who were sentenced to death were employed in the construction of this plant prior to the execution of their sentences.

Production Data:

Products: PW observed 500 kgm aerial bombs stored in the warehouses. He also observed aircraft lubricating oil, which he heard was manufactured from castor oil in this plant. PW also heard that small arms shell casings were manufactured here.

Raw material: PW claims he did not see any raw material being hauled into the plant area, but only heard that steel products and castor oil beans were brought into the area.

Labor force: PW knew of no one in TUNGKINGCHENG who was employed in this plant. He heard that only Japanese were employed. They lived in special barracks in the hills.

Remarks:

1. PW was very vague in describing details of this plant, stating that the Japanese Army guarded the plant as a secret plant.

2. After the Soviet occupied this area, the plant area and airfield was marked out of bounds, and PW could not determine the disposition of this plant.

3. PW heard in Apr 47, after the occupation of CCF that there were still some Japanese technicians in this plant.

Sociological information:

Population:

The total population of TUNGKINGCHENG was about 15,000 as of Feb 49. The pre-war population was 20,000. About 70% of the population were Chinese and the rest were Koreans with about 200 White Russians. PW saw 2 or 3 Russian officers as late as Feb 49. These Russians were seen going towards the TUNGKINGCHENG hydro-electric power plant.

Health and Welfare:

The majority of the population around TUNGKINGCHENG were engaged in farming. There were no epidemics prevalent in the area. There were not enough doctors or medicine.

Monetary Data:

Prior to Apr 49 the money used in MANCHURIA was issued by the “TOHOKU” Manchurian Bank (東北滿州銀行). PW heard that as of Apr 49 the legal tenders were changed to the Central Chinese bank notes. Government employees were customarily paid in rice, generally about 100 kilogram per month, which was more than they headed. Thus, excess rice was blackmarketed off. Since all government employees received rice wages, there was no rice ration.

All commodities had to be bought off the market which were supposedly government operated. More often than not barter system was used instead of using money.

Military Draft:

Although military conscription was in effect it was not rigidly enforced. It was more or less left to the citizen to volunteer for service. The former upper class during the Japanese regime was not permitted to serve in the Army.

Transportation:

RR lines are maintained, but no new rolling stock has been observed. The Japanese built highways are maintained, but PW has heard of no new roads being constructed. PW did not see any aircraft in flight in 1948 or 1949.

Military troops:

Observed about 2,000 CCF troops stationed near the TUNGKINGCHENG airfield. PW believed these troops were infantry troops in training. PW heard from a former classmate that there was a CCF artillery school in MUTANCHIANG. He heard that there were Japanese cadre in this school.

Public Sentiment in MANCHURIA:

PW knows that the majority of the population of MANCHURIA are opposed to the present communist regime. When the 8th Route Army first occupied TUNGKINGCHENG many of the people joined the nationalist China Citizens Group, which was later broken up by the CCF. PW believes majority of Manchurians still have a deep resentment for the CCF. He has heard of subversive or underground activities within MANCHURIA.

Propaganda:

When the CCF occupied the area all radios were confiscated and reissued only to certain government officials and employees. PW heard of the existence of a communist broadcasting station in MUTANCHIANG. From pre-war days PW knew that radio reception from JAPAN was good. There was a communist regulation prohibiting anyone to listen to foreign broadcasts, and the security police made constant checks during the night.

For the Commanding Officer:

SKETCH A TUNG KING CHENG (東京城) BOMB MFG PLANT AS OF AUG 44

TUNG KING CHENG AIRGIELD FEB. 49 SKETCH B