ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 2395 27 November 1950
FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS - FWD - 0241) 25 November 1950
1. PERSONAL DETAILS:| PW NAME: | YIM, Chu Pin (尹朝賓) (Chinese) |
| PW NO: | None |
| RANK: | Pvt (戰士) |
| AGE: | 30 |
| DUTY: | Mortarman |
| UNIT: | 38th Army, 112th Div, 355th Regt, 2 Bn, 4th Co, 60mm Mortar Sqd |
| EDUCATION: | Primary School (3 yrs) |
| OCCUPATION: | Lathe worker |
| PLACE OF CAPTURE: | HUICHON (熙川) Area |
| DATE OF CAPTURE: | 2 Nov 1950 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH: | HOPEI-SHENG, WU CHING-HSIEN CHENG-LI, WHA YUEN CHIEN (河北縣 武淸縣 城梩街) |
| HOME ADDRESS: | HO PEI SHENG, TIENISIN, NAN SHIN HWA-AN TA CHIEH CHANG CHIA HUTONG #2 (河北省 天津市 南市 草案大街老 張家胡同 2) |
| INTERROGATOR: | Cpl T. KATO (ATIS) |
PW was very cooperative and of average intelligence. He lost his wife by starvation under the Reds and has no desire to return to China even though his child is still there.
3. TACTICAL INFORMATION:Chronology:
Feb 1948: Inducted into CNA at TIENTSIN (天津) and received three months basic training. PW was attached to TIEN1SIN Guard Brigade, 1st Regt, 1st Bn, 3 Co.
15 Jan 49: CCF overran TIENTSIN after 15 days battle and PW surrendered. Sent to YANG LIU CHING (楊柳靑) in the outskirts of TIENTSIN along with 2,500 other members of PW's Guard Brigade (officers were sent to another location but also incorporated into 38th Army later). Open lots were utilized for physical training, and indoctrination. Each platoon had about 30 CCF troops of the 335th Regt as guards. Each person was questioned 5 or 6 times at least, concerning his beliefs, personal and political.
15 Apr 49: Inducted into the 335th Regt along with 300 other PsW (the rest were assigned to the 112th Div. PW got a rifle at this time. 335th Regt, together with 38th Army, marched from YANGLIUCHING (楊柳靑), TIENTSIN through SHAN TUNG-SHENG (山東省) and reached HONAN-SHENG (河南城).
9 Jun 49: Marched into HUPEH-SHENG (湖北省).
1 Jul 49: While at I’CHANG (宜昌) in HUPEH-SHENG, battled CNA troops. After battling 36 hours, the CNA 100th army “SUNG HSI LIEN” (宋喜蓮) Unit (Total 40,000 troops) surrendered to the 38th CCF Army. About 30,000 troops including the Army CG surrendered here but were not absorbed into the 38th Army.
7 Jul 49: Marched into HUNAN-SHENG (湖南省) and into SHIH MEN HSIEN (石門縣).
1 Aug 49: TAO YUAN HSIEN (桃源縣) battled remnants of 100th Army (1 Regt - 2000 men) capturing 300 men who were taken into the 38tn Army (100 into 335th Regt). 335th Regt rested here for a month then took battle training for two weeks.
17 Sep 49: 335th marched into YUAN LING HSIEN (院陵縣) in HUNAN-SHENG where it fought with remnants of 100th Army (1 Regt) capturing 800 men who were absorbed by 38th Army (100 men into 335th Regt).
16 Oct 49: Marched through CHIH KIANG HSIEN (芷江縣) in HUNAN-SHENG where 38th Army captured and absorbed 100 CNA troops (40 men into 335th Regt)
13 Nov 49: Marched through CHING HSIEN (靖縣) in HUNAN-SHENG and I PEI SHIEN (宜北縣) in KWANGSI-SHENG (広西省) and into TO SHENG-CHAN (德勝站) in KWANGSI-SHENG where the 335th and 334 th Regt bottled the “PAI CHUNG HSI" (白松橲都隊) Unit. After a 12 hour’s battle, 400 men were captured, of which 200 were absorbed (100 each by 334th & 336th) into the 38th Army.
20 Dec 49: Marched to HO CHIH-HSIEN (河池縣) in KWANGSI-SHENG where 335th rested and feasted over the New Year. A 3-day pass was given PW at this time.
5 Jan 50: Marched to NAN TAN HSIEN ( ~ f!f ~l ) in. KVlANGSI-SHENG. Battled the KWANGSI Preservation Unit (廣西省 保安団) for 36 hours capturing 3,600 men of which 2,100 were sent home and 1,500 men taken into the 38th Army (300 by 112th Div)
10 Jan 50: Returned to HO CHIN-HSIEN (河池縣) where PW underwent battle training & indoctrination for a month.
13 Feb 50: Marched to I SHAN-HSIEN (宜山縣), rested for a month.
15 Mar 50: Marched to LIU CHON-SHIH (柳川市) where the 38th Army (in blocks of 1,500 men) boarded a train northward.
21 Mar 50: Arrived HANKOW (漢口市) in HUPEH-SHENG (湖北省).
26 Mar 50: Arrived SHUIPING-HSIEN (遂平縣), HONAN-SHENG (河南省) 38th Army engaged in farming here. Products were eaten by the troops when it ripened but the unripened soybeans & Kaoliang were left behind when unit left.
15 Aug 50: Arrived HSIN TAI TZU (新台子) (32 km NNE of MUKDEN) in MUKDEN-SHENG. Engaged in battle training. Troops were billeted in civilian homes.
15 Oct 50: Boarded train for MANPOJIN (滿浦鎭) passing through TUNG HUA (通化) on the way.
19 Oct 50: 335th Regt walked across the YALU River in the darkness (none of the 38th Army crossed this river by train).
29 Oct 50: After marching for ten nights on the main highway which ran along the RR tracks, unit reached HUICHON (熙川). PW wore shrubbery for camouflage and hid besides the road when aircraft came over. His unit was attacked often.
31 Oct 50: Battled with ROKs.
2 Nov 50: PW wounded and captured at HUICHON.
Unit Organization and Strength:
38th Army - approx 30-40,000 men in 3 Divs (112th, 113th, and 114th).
112th Div - approx 12,000 men in 3 Regts (334th, 335th, and 336th).
335th Regt - 2,600 men in 3 Bns (1st, 2nd, 3rd); Arty Co - 170 men; Reconn and Signal Co - 40 men; Transportation Co - 100 men; Hq Co - 50 men; Guard Co - 170 men; Medical Co - 60 men.
2nd Bn - 700 men in 3 Cos (4th, 5th, 6th); HMG Co; 82mm Mortar Co.
Equipments (TC/E):
335th Regt Arty Co - 4 mountain guns, others unknown.
2nd Bn - HMG Co -3 HMG (11,000 rds each)
2nd Bn 82mm Mortar Co - 3 82mm Mortar with square base (72 shells each).
4th Co - 18 (US) “Grease Guns” (?), 5 magazines each; 3 Canadian LMG (6 magazines each); 3 x 60mm Mortar (JAP) (48 shells each).
Communications:
Two horses were used in 2nd Bn Hq for carrying messages to the farther units. Runners are used for the close units. One telephone connects the Bn to Regt but not during battles.
All messages at company level are carried by runners.
Each platoon has a bugle which is always used in battles, five short blasts signifies a shortage of ammo.
Flares are used from Bn level up.
Personalities:
CO, 2nd Bn, 335th Regt: LIU, Chi Hsin (劉啓新), age - 35. Became Bn CO in Oct 1950.
Morale:
PW when in TIENTSIN had occasion to see US troops and their equipment and knew that they would have no chance when they came to KOREA.
Long time CCF soldiers however, never having tasted defeat never thought it possible.
PW has never seen propaganda leaflets nor heard any front line broadcasts.
General Line of Propaganda:
Because the UN countries, headed by the US invaded KIM, Il-Sung's N KOREA and since communists must help each other, CHINA, with the help of RUSSIA will have to drive the invaders out. The above was discussed among the active communists while training in MANCHURIA in Oct 1950.
4. GENERAL INFORMATION:Other than Korean CCF interpreter-officers who were attached to the unit in MANCHURIA, there were no other Koreans in the CCF.
PW came to KOREA because his unit was ordered to KOREA.
38th Army brought 40 trucks (one half US 6 x 6; one half Jap) into KOREA.
38th Army did not receive amphibious training nor did it have Russian advisors.
PW heard that the 38th, 39th and 40th Army had also entered KOREA.
Militia:
When the 38th Army conquered a province a team of Communist Officers is sent to each HSIEN (縣), in order to recruit and train a Public Security Unit to Police the area, The unit seems to be under the HSIEN (Province) governor and is equipped and fed by the HSIEN.
Equipment is that which is left behind by the occupying army. Usually, a great deal of Nationalist equipment is captured, and after the best equipment is picked for the CCF, the leftovers are turned over to the HSIEN.
Tanks:
O/a 15 Oct 1950 PW saw 30 or so small and medium Jap tanks on a train (one tank per car) at the HSINTAI TZU (新台子) RR sta.
O/a 19 Oct l950 PW noticed the same train (with the tanks on the car when he came to the RR sta on the Manchurian side opposite MANPOJJN. Whether or not this was sent across the YALU River was. unknown.
The tanks were fairly old, some with and some without track support rollers. The length of the gun on the tanks was described as being about 1.5 m long.
Nationalist Equipment:
Jan 1949 when CCF overran TIENTSIN, PW’s unit (1st Bn, 2335 Regt) captured the following - 8 x 60mm Mortar (US); 15 LMG (Czech); 2 HMG “M 92”.
1 Jul 49 when 38th Army defeated the 100th CNA Army in HUPEH-SHENG, the following equipment was captured according to the cultural officer - 40 Mountain Guns (mostly Jap); 100 x 60mm Mortars; 60 x 82mm Mortars.
1 Aug 1949 captured at HUNAN-SHENG - 2 mountain guns (Jap); 3 HMG; 12 LMG.
13 Oct 1949 captured at HUNAN-SHENG - 4 mountain guns; 20 x 60mm mortar; 3 HMG; 2 LMG; 6 x 82mm mortar.
15 Dec 1949 captured at KWANGSI-SHENG - 2 mountain guns; 16 x 60mm mortar; 4 HMG; 20 LMG; 5 trucks; 10 Field Wireless sets.
All captured equipment was sent to Div and then to Army. Usually, however, each unit traded bad weapons for good before sending captured weapons to Div. No tanks or heavy weapons were ever captured.
For the Commanding Officer:
GERARD
