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보/고/서

ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 4414

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS 0130)　15 November 1950

PW was intelligent and very cooperative. He appeared to be willing to offer information, but did not attempt to make statements on items of which he had no knowledge. PW appeared to be honest and sincere. Memory, observance of details and estimation of distances and directions were good. Reliability - good.

Born in SHAMTAOYANGCHA (三道陽岔), a small farming village located approximately 38 km E of LINCHIANG (臨江). Entered the LIUTAOKOU Primary School at the age of eleven.

Dec 42: Graduated from the LIUTAOKOU Primary School (6 years).

Jan 42 - Jul 49: Engaged in farming at father's farm in LIUTAOKOU.

24 Jul 49: Conscripted by the Independent Division of the People's Army. Division Hq was located in LINCHIANG (臨江).

25 Jul 49 - 24 Jul 50: Squad CO in the above division were privates.

25 Jul 50: Ordered by the CO of the Third Battalion of the Independent Division to depart for NORTH KOREA with 300 Korean privates of the same division.

3 Aug 50: Arrived P'YONGYANG (平壤).

BRIDGES　　　　　　　　　　LINCHIANG (臨江) AND VICINITY

2d Lt　　　　　　　　　　　　D/O Jul 49 - Jul 50

LOCATION of MULTI-SPAN STEEL TRUSS BRIDGE (POINT #9 on "Area Sketch of LINCHIANG and Vicinity“ attached to this report)

1 km west of the LINCHIANG Railroad Station.

OBSERVATION

PW observed this bridge from a distance of 3 km twice in July 1949 while walking to LIUCHIANG.

DETAILED INFORMATION

This bridge was estimated to be 200 m x 6 m x height unknown. Bridge was constructed by the Japanese, but after August 1945, trucks and pedestrians were not authorized to travel on it. Depth of water under bridge was about 5 m (hearsay) and the current was swift. The YALU River was frozen to a depth of about 1.5 m from November to February. Trucks were able to cross the River on the ice during this period. Ice began to melt in March.

CONCRETE VIADUCT (MASONRY) BRIDGE (Point #10 on Area Sketch of LINCHIANG)

700 m NE of LINCHIANG RR Station, about 1 1/3 km NW of the LINCHIANG-HSIEN Government Office (Point #4), and 900 m N of YALU River.

OBSERVATION

PW observed this bridge once in Jun 50 from a distance of 500 m while walking in LINCHIANG.

DETAILED INFORMATION

This bridge was used by trucks and pedestrians and measured 30 m x 5 m x height unknown. Depth of water near bridge was estimated at 1 m. The TOUTAO River was frozen to a depth of about 80 m from November to February.

CONCRETE VIADUCT BUILDS (Point #11)

LOCATION

500 m SE of the LINCHIANG RR Station, 1.3 km west of the LINCHIANG-HSIEN Government office, 700 m N of the YALU River, and 200 m S of the bridge at Point #10 (attached sketch).

OBSERVATION

PW observed this bridge once in Jun 50 from a distance of 100 m while appending a holiday in LINCHIANG, and crossed it in Jul 40 while going to LINCHIANG RR Station.

DETAILED INFORMATION:

This bridge was about 30 m x 5 m x height unknown. Depth of water under the bridge was about 1 m.

CONCRETE VIADUCT (MASONRY) BRIDGE (Point #12)

LOCATION

500 m east of the CCF Division Headquarters (Point #3), 2½ km east of the LINCHIANG RR Station, and 1.2 km north of the YALU River.

OBSERVATION

PW observed this bridge ammo in Jun 50 from a distance of 200 m while walking to LINCHIANG.

DETAILED INFORMATION

The bridge measured approximately 30 m x 5 m x height unknown. Depth of the water was 1 m. The ERHTAO (李道河) River was frozen to a depth of from 80 cm to 1 m from November to February.

CONCRETE VIADUCT (MASONRY) BRIDGE (Point #13)

LOCATION

2½ km east of the LINCHIANG Station, 200 m south of bridge at Point #12, and 1 km north of the YALU River.

OBSERVATION

PW crossed this bridge in Jul 49 and again in Jul 50 while walking to LINCHIANG.

DETAILED INFORMATION

The bridge measured approximately 30 m x 5 m. Depth of water was 1 m.

CONCRETE GIRDER BRIDGE (Point #14)

LOCATION

Approximately 30 km east of the bridge at Point #13, 2 km west of SSUTAOKOLI (四道■)(Point #5), and 700 m N of the YALU River (鴨綠江)

OBSERVATION

PW crossed this bridge in Jun 49 and Jul 50. PW also observed this bridge once a month from Jul 49 to Jul 50 from a distance of 500 m while with the Third Regiment.

DETAILED INFORMATION

The bridge measured 35 m x 5 m x height unknown. Depth of water was about 1 m. The SHAMTAO (蔘道河) River was frozen to a depth of from 80 cm, to 1 m from November to February.

CONCRETE ONROAD BRIDGE (Point #15)

LOCATION

2 km NE at LIUTAOKOU (Point #7), 50 km east of LINCHIANG RR Station, and 2 km north of the YALU River.

OBSERVATION

Crossed this bridge twice a month from 1944 to Jun 49 while residing in SANTAYANG-ON (Point #8).

DETAILED INFORMATION

The bridge measured approximately 35 m x 5 m x height unknown. The CHITAO (七道河) River was frozen to a depth of 1 m from November to February. Depth of water under bridge was about 1 m.

PW served in the Independent (Reserve) Division of the People's Liberation Army for one year, from 25 Jul 49 to 24 Jul 50. Organization of the Division was as shown in the diagram attached to this report. Since the entire Division was considered as a training center for recruits and reserves, there were no unit designations. PW was the leader of the 2d Sqd, 3d Plat, 3d Co, 3d Bn, 3d Regt.

Company Equipment: Three Japanese Type "99" (九九式) light machine guns, one Japanese type "38" (三八式) or type "99" rifle per enlisted man, one Japanese Type "14" automatic pistol per officer, and one Chinese band grenade and type "38" Japanese bayonet per EM. The wooden handle of the grenade was 15 cm in diameter and 20 cm long. The steel part of the grenade was 5 cm in diameter and 4 cm long. One grenade weighed 1 1/3 lb and was considered effective against enemy personnel within 5 m of there it landed.

Battalion Equipment: Three Japanese heavy machine guns (type: unknown). All of these machine guns were allotted to the 4th Company of each Bn.

Regimental Organization and Equipment: Each regiment had one independent mortar company composed of 100 men in addition to three battalions consisting of 12 companies of 150 men each. Each regimental independent mortar company had two type 81 mortars, two type 60 mortars and two flat trajectory guns (caliber and type unknown). One medical unit of five female nurses and twenty-five male privates was attached to each regiment. All medical units were commended by officers of company grade.

Division Organization and Equipment: The medical department, composed of Japanese nurses, former Japanese medical officers of the KWANTUNG Army, and Manchurian doctors and nurses, was attached to the Division Headquarters. An independent mountain artillery battalion, equipped with an unknown number of howitzers and guns, was attached to Division Headquarters.

(Note: Refer to pamphlet "Uniform, Insignia, Equipment of the North Korean Army dated August 1950 and published by MIS General Staff, GHQ, FEC, for details of types of rifles and guns mentioned above")

As of 25 Jul 50, the Division Headquarters (Point #3 on Area Sketch) was located 1 km west of the ERHTAO River, 2 km east of the LINCHIANG RR Station, (Point #2) and 1 km north of the YALU River. The Headquarters was located in a two-story black concrete building, flat roof, dimensions 20 m x 11 m x 10 m. The Third Regiment was stationed in SSUTAOHOU (Point #5), 32 km east of the LINCHIANG RR Station, 1 km north of the YALU River and 10 km east of the SHANTAO River. Approximately 500 farmers becomes were occupied by the Third Regiment in a treeless area roughly 2 km x 300 m at the foot of a 200 m -high mountain range. Locations of other regiments and battalions were not revealed to the PW.

Three hundred Korean Privates (recruits) were taken out of the entire Division and loaded on a train at LINCHIANG RR Station on 25 Jul 50. Destination was not revealed at that time. Weapons were not given to the Koreans. The train arrived at P'YONGYANG (平壤) RR Station on the morning of 31 Jul 50. Thirty of the Koreans, including the PW were sent to the Rear Echelon Supply Training School (後方 供給 諎漝所) in P'YONGYANG. 200 were sent to the Officers Training School (軍l官學校) and thirty were assigned to military hospitals. The remainder received training in various units of the North Korean Army in P'YONGYANG.

No Chinese soldiers were sent to KOREA.

In LINCHIANG-HSIEN (臨江縣), there were twenty to fifty policemen working for the Public Security Unit located in the LINCHIANG-HSIEN Government Office (臨江縣), a one-story U-shaped black granite building with a slate gabled roof, dimensions unknown, situated in the center of LINCHIANG, 1 km east of the LINCHIANG RR Station 1 km north of the YALU River, and 500 m east of the TOUTAC (頭道河) River. Primary duty was to maintain public security. Each policeman was armed with a type 38 or type 99 rifle.

Birth certificates were filed at the LINCHIANG-HSIEN Government Office (Point #4). All males between the ages of 18 and 30 were subject to the draft, and trained for periods of 6 to 12 months. After the training period was completed, the trainees were assigned to regular Chinese Communist Units to serve for indefinite periods. Draft dodgers were sentenced to six months imprisonment. Only the physically handicapped and invalids were exempted from military service. Members of the Public Security Unit were exempted. Physical examinations were conducted at the Government Office to determine physical fitness for military service.

Recruits received no pay during the training period. Monthly wages for other personnel were as following.

Privates: 70,000 YUAN (圓)

Platoon Leaders and Company CO: 140,000 YUAN (圓)

The Communist 8th Route Army (八路軍) entered MUKDEN (奉春) around September 1945 and TUNGHUA (通化) in November 1945. The Chinese "People's Autonomous Army" (人民日治軍) entered LINCHIANG in January 1948.

Up to the date of the PW departure: from LINCHANG, the Chinese forces were recruiting eligible males in all cities, towns, and farming villages in MANCHURIA once or twice a year.

PW heard that equipment captured from the Chinese Nationalist Army was used by the CCF. Captured Nationalist soldiers were asked whether they wanted to return to their homes or serve with the CCF. Those who wished to remain were taken into the CCF. Nationalist soldiers were allowed to return to their homes if they wished. Approximately fifty percent of the captured Nationalist soldiers were said to have joined the CCF.

Three meals were served per day in the summer months (April to September) and two in the winter (October to March). Daily food ration in the summer consisted of 1.5 KIN (斤) of kaoliang (高梁), 1 KIN of vegetables, 4 MOMME of soy bean oil, and 2 MOMME of salt. White rice was served once a weak. Meat and fish were supplied only on national holidays. Soldiers bought supplementary food items when they had money. The quantity of daily food ration in the winter remained the same although only two meals were served per day.

One small towel and 2 small bars of soap were issued once a year.

The following articles of clothing were issued:

1 pair of rubber-soled canvas shoes every three months

1 summer uniform per year

1 winter uniform padded with cotton per wear

2 pairs of socks (winter only)

1 summer cotton cap and one winter cap lined with dog fur per year

No underwear was issued.

In the winter, the summer uniform was worn under the winter uniform. Regular CCF troops were issued leather boots and cotton underwear.

Lectures were given two hours per day by political officers. Lectures were centered on praise for Communism and diatribes against "Imperialism". Lectures on Chinese culture, world trends, and the political system of the Chinese Communist Government were also delivered.

Attitude of the civil populace toward the PW was good. PW was called Tong((同志)) comrade) by the civil populace and was respected. The CCF was generally respected as a result of intense Communist propaganda. The rich, who has their property confiscated, were opposed to the CCF. The poor were in favor of the CCF since they received land and money confiscated from the rich, and there was no class discrimination after elimination of the rich class.

Summer (April to September)

Reveille - 0400 hours

Running exercises - 0430 to 0500 hours

Training on rifle shooting and lobbing of hand grenades - 0500 to 0530

Personal hygiene - 0630 to 0700 hours

Cleaning of barracks - 0700 to 0730 hours

Breakfast - 0730 to 0830 hours

Military training, mountain climbing, marching, bayonet practice and drill - 0830 to 1200 hours

Lunch - 1200 to 1230 hours

Rest period - 1230 to 1430 hours

Cultural training (Kanji writing, Chinese, arithmetic) and lectures - 1430 to 1730 hours

Individual review of daily training - 1730 to 1830 hours

Supper - 1830 to 1930 hours

Singing and games -1930 to 2030 hours

Roll call - 2030 to 2100 hours

Taps -2100 hours

Sunday was the regular holiday. Soldiers received passes but had to return by 2000 hours.

Winter (October to March)

Reveille - 0600 hours

Running exercises - 0600 to 0630 hours

Personal hygiene - 0630 to 0700 hours

Cleaning of barracks - 0700 to 0730 hours

Breakfast - 0730 to 0830 hours

Drill - Rifle marksmanship - grenade training - bayonet practice - 0830 to 1530 hours

Supper - 1530 to 1630 hours

Games -1630 to 180 hours

Review of cultural exercises (kanji writing, Chinese and Arithmetic) - 1800 to 2030 hours

Roll call - 2030 to 2100 hours

Taps - 2100 hours

For the Commanding Officer:

AREA SKETCH OF LINCHIANG (臨江) AND VICINITY AS OF JULY 1950

Point 1: LINCHIANG (臨江), covered an area roughly 2 km x 1 km.

Point 2: LINCHIANG Railroad Station. Single track railroad to TUNGHUA was 1.32 m gauge. Passenger train left for TUNGHUA at 0200 hours in the morning. Passenger train from TUNGHUA arrived at midnight. Further details unknown.

Point 3: CCF Division Headquarters.

Point 4: LINCHIANG-HSIEN Government Office (臨江縣政府).

Point 5: FUSUNG-HSIEN (■松縣).

Point 6: SSUTAOKOU (四道溝), small farming village of about 500 houses, 32 km east of LINCHIANG RR Station.

Point 7: LIUTAOKOU (六道溝), farming village of about 600 houses, located 16 km east of SSUTAOKOU.

Point 8: SHANTAOYANGCHA (三道陽岔), small village of about thirty farm-houses, 20 km NE of LIUTAOKOU.

Point 9: Multi-spear steel truss bridge.

Point 10 to 13: Four concrete viaduct bridges.

Point 14 and 15: Two concrete girder bridges.

Point 16: Dirt road 6 m wide.

Point 17: Dirt road 6 m wide.

Point 18: Dirt road 6 m wide.

DIAGRAM OF ORGANIZATION OF THE INDEPENDENT (PRESERVE) DIVISION, CCF (人民解放獨立師團)

Note: Number of Officers per Battalion: 4 (Commander, Adjutant, Instructor and Assistant Instructor)

Number of Officers per Company: 4 (Commander, Executive Officer, Political Guidance leader and Assistant Political Guidance Leader)

Approximate Number of EM: Division: 6,500 men

Regiment: 2,000 men

Battalion: 600 men

Company. 150 men

Platoon: 45 to 50 men

Squad: 12 men

Interrogation Note: PW asserted that officers in the Chinese Communist Forces were ranked, contrary to the practice in the Nationalist Army.