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보/고/서

ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 4408

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS FWD 0019)　18 November 1950

ASSESSMENT:

PW was of average intelligence and fairly cooperative but was too young to give more than general information.

Telephone:

An estimated dozen or so dial telephones were believed to be found there. No individual homes had telephones. All calls were believed to be made through the central telephone exchange in MINGYUEKOU (明月溝).

1945 - 5,000, 1948 - 6,000, one-third Manchurian and two-thirds Korean.

Though the population remained fairly stable, there was a complete change ever as the people living here moved back to KOREA and these living north moved in.

The Japanese section of town located SE of the Main RR sta was burned down completely by the Chinese. No one was allowed to loot and many valuable articles went up is flames.

In addition, the large brick Japanese company office bldgs, post offices, etc, in fact anything occupied by the Japanese were torn down and the bricks taken away. All this was done by the Chinese who lived here.

Education: PENGNING (風寧) Prefectural Primary School (Korean) (縣立國民學校) at LIANGPINGTAI (亮平治) as of June 1948

Located Approx 500 m SW of Main RR sta. PW attended this school.

Approx 800 Korean children from the local HSIEN (縣)? were attending this school which was staffed with 20 Korean (3 female) teachers. Until Dec 1947 one-half of the faculty were those who had taught prior to 1945. However, in Dec 1947 after the "old" teachers were removed from their positions and sent away, their replacements came in from some other district.

Textbooks used were all in Korean and the language used was Korean. Old Japanese textbooks were translated and used in most cases except for Korean history. Method of teaching did not differ much.

Poor people's children attended school without tuition fee but those who could, paid an unknown sum. Poor children, however, usually did not attend school as it was not compulsory. About ½ of those who graduated went on to Middle School. About 75% of the children in this town attended school & 15% went on to middle school.

The Manchurian Primary School was located in one-half of the primary school and had an enrollment of about 400 pupils. Approx 13 teachers were found here. Their classes were conducted in Chinese.

In the summer of 1947 a cholera epidemic in which 50 persons were infected and 50 persons died, started here, but an epidemic prevention team came here from MINGYUEKOU (明月溝) and YENCHI to administer immunization and the epidemic was averted.

Other prevalent diseases found here are eruptive typhus, and typhoid fever but no deaths were noted. Malaria is also found here. An immunization shot is given yearly but it was not known which disease it was given for.

There was only on "doctor". He maintained a small hospital with a capacity of only a few bed patients.

There were about 25 "needle-doctors" (acupuncturists) here however, plus about 5 midwives.

Located approx 200 m W of Main RR sta. A brick one-story structure was found here. This was also used as a district office by the Manchurian Gov't in 1945.

Also found in this office were the District Peasants Assn (民會) for the Koreans and for the Chinese.

The District Head was a Chinese who was sent here from YENCHI by the governor. Of the two vice-heads, one was Korean and the other Chinese, who were also appointed by the governor (prefectural).

The peasants Association head was a local personality elected to office by the people. This organization had the power to try all persons in a "People Trial" and even condemn them to death. "Crimes" were usually those which were committed pre-1945 by people in the capacity of officials of the Manchurian Gov't. Most of the trials were completed by Jan 1948 ending in the death of three persons. These were shot as soon as sentences were passed. Most sentences were confiscation of properties.

Crimes of minor nature (assault, felonies, etc) were investigated and tried by the local police. Place of trial was in MINGYUEKOU.

Located 300 m ENE of main RR sta. A 25 m x 10 m white, one-story structure formerly used by a land company (Japanese) was found here.

The first land reformation was completed in Mar 47. Each member of the family was allowed 800 "PING" (坪) of land of no more. This amount of land was passed out because there were very few people to a large piece of land. PW's family had 5,000 "PING" and god 4,000 additional "PING". In Jun 48 when repatriating, 4,000 "PING" was returned to the Land Office and 5,000 "PING" given to their relatives. Because land could not be bought, the relative "presented" PW's family 700,000 yuan as a travelling fee.

Some sort of land tax was paid to this land office but amount was unknown. All tax was paid in products grown.

PW often heard his parents complaining about the high taxes.

Located approx 200 m SW of Main RR sta. This area was formerly occupied by the Japanese RR Guards.

A 300 m x 300 m area was surrounded by a (2 m high) concrete wall with one entrance only, facing the south.

Approx 5 brick (30 m long) barracks were found within the enclosure housing approx 2-300 men & officers. A 2-story structure was just by the entrance and this was believed to be the Hq.

The guards are usually seen around the RR sta or traveling between RR stations. They are always on the special first class cars reserved for Russians. EM carry either PPsh M1941 SMG's or PPsh M1943 SMG's. Officers always carry pistols. They carry arms at all times even when out drinking.

Soldiers are found guarding the RR bridges & tunnel at all times.

The highest ranking officer seen here was a Lt Col (2-star). He was usually seen driving around in an US jeep. About 5 x 2½ ton US trucks were found here also. Unit designation was painted on the bumper but PW could not remember it.

Almost no training was done in 1948 though firing practice and parades were hold in 1946-47.

Most of the food except black bread was furnished by the village (upon demand from the Soviets).

Located 100 m E of main RR sta where the Japanese primary school was located. Changeover of personnel was quick at this time but a company sized unit was found here at all times. All Chinese and Korean Volunteer companies were usually found here but they were always coming nod going. No training was observed.

For the Commanding Officer:

LIANGPINGTAI(亮平治) As of June 1948