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보/고/서

ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 4422

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS – 0138)　17 November 1950

PW was hesitant and at times evasive. This indicated that PW lacked knowledge and was not a good source of information. PW was not mentally alert and showed poor memory and poor judgement in estimating objects.

In spite of the above, info, in general, herein is considered to be reliable.

27 Mar 27 – Born in CHILIN-SHENG (吉林縣).

Apr 35 – Entered primary school.

Dec 40 – Completed primary school YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHJH TUNGMIN-CHIEH (延吉縣 龍井市 東明街)

Mar 42 – Entered middle school.

Dec 45 – Graduated from middle school.

After finishing formal education, remained jobless as of this date and lived with his father who was a dealer in clothing.

Jan 47 – Moved to CHONGJIN (淸津), and opened a clothing store.

Dec 48 – Moved to HOERYONG (會寧) and continued in business as a clothing dealer.

6 Aug 50 – Inducted into the NKA.

7 Aug 50 – Received 22 days of basic training at NANAM (羅南).

26 Aug 50 – Left NANAM (羅南) with 1,500 men comprising the 4th Replacement Bn.

There were no weapons or equipment within the unit.

11 Sep 50 – Arrived in SEOUL via rail.

12 Sep 50 – Departed SEOUL for YONGDONG (永同) via rail.

14 Sep 50 – Arrived in YONGDONG (永同) and left that same day for HYOPCH’ON (陜川) by foot.

25 Sep 50 – Arrived HYOPCH’ON (陜川) with the 1,500 men of the 4th Repl Bn. The 10th Repl Co of the 4th Repl Bn to which PW was assigned proceeded to KUMSAN (錦山) by foot.

28 Sep 50 – Arrived KUMSAN (錦山). During the 3 days unit stayed here, they were under constant aerial attack so, the CO of the 4th Bn, 10th Co, ordered the men to break up into small groups and return to their homes. Heard that ROK troops were advancing into this area.

3 Oct 50 – Arrived CHONGSAN (靑山).

Upon arrival in CHONGSAN (靑山), PW and 18 men fell asleep and were captured.

TOPOGRAPHY　　　　　　　　　　　　YENCHI (延吉)

DESCRIPTION OF SURROUNDING AREA:

Generally hilly terrain.

HAILAN (海蘭河) RIVER:

LOCATION:

West of the RR generally running parallel.

WIDTH:

At its widest point, 200 m; its narrowest, 70 m; average width, 150 m.

CONDITION OF BOTTOM:

Gravel and sand.

CONDITION OF BANKS:

Man-made stone walls on the east bank; on the west bank, natural gradual stops with dirt and vegetation with popular trees.

River was not navigable.

DEPTH OF ICE WHEN FROZEN:

Completely frozen.

TRIBUTARY TO HAILAN RIVER:

No given or known names.

Generally flowing from E to W into the HAILAN.

WIDTH & DEPTH OF THE RIVER:

During the summer, 9 m wide x 30 cm deep.

During the spring, 15 m wide x 60 cam deep.

CONDITION OF BOTTOM:

Gravel and sand.

CONDITION OF BANKS:

Gradual slope. Gravel and sand.

DEPTH OF ICE WHEN FROZEN:

All year around, there is a continuous flow of water, therefore, inspite of being frozen, the flow of water continues at the bottom of the river.

This river flows from the mountains to the city and the water supply for drinking purpose was pumped from this river.

SOIL:

TEXTURE OF SOIL:

Black-brown, suitable for agriculture.

There were gardens and farms in the immediate outskirts of the city.

VEGETATION:

CULTIVATED CROPS:

Koryeng, rice, wheat, corn, turnips, carrots, etc.

NATURAL VEGETATION:

Poplar, pine, willow.

CLIMATE:

SUMMER: Jun – Sep.

WINTER: Nov – Apr.

TEMPERATURE:

SUMMER: Highest, 98°F, average, 90°F. (About 10° difference between the day and night.)

WINTER: Average, -13°F, lowest, -15°F.

WIND:

Prevailing north wind.

COMMUNICATION & TRANSPORTATION

RR BRIDGE　　　　　　　　　　　　YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHIH (延吉縣 龍井市)

Pvt　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D/O Aug 41 – Jan 47

LOCATION:

500 m W of LUNGCHING RR Station.

The HAILAN (海蘭河) River flows under this bridge.

RR BRIDGE　　　　　　　　　　　　YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHIH (延吉縣 龍井市)

Pvt　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D/O Aug 41 – Jan 47

LOCATION:

1.2 km SW of LUNGCHING RR Station.

BRIDGE　　　　　　　　　　　　　　YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHIH (延吉縣 龍井市)

Pvt　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D/O Aug 41 – Jan 47

This bridge was located 1 km W of the city hall and 50 m WE of the tannery. This was a wooden bridge which was supported by concrete piers. This bridge was for vehicular and pedestrian traffic. It was completed in Nov 45, replacing and old wooden tress bridge which was damaged during the heavy rains in June 1944.

This damaged wooden truss bridge was still used for pedestrian traffic up until July 1946, at which time the construction of this present bridge was started. During the time the wooden trass bridge was damaged, vehicles forded the river.

Sketch of the present bridge:

RR BRIDGE　　　　　　　　　　　　YENCHI-HSIEN, CHIESSHAN-YUN (延吉縣 龍井市)

Pvt　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D/O Jul 46

This RR bridge was located 200 m N of the CHIESSHAN-YUN (街山屯) RR Station.

Stated that the RR bridge spanning the TUMEN (圖們) River was bombed by Soviet aircraft towards the end of the war.

The TUMEN (圖們) River forms the boundary between MANCHURIA and KOREA.

As of Jul 46, this RR bridge was still in a damaged condition and was not in use. Observed that the PP line was still intact up to the bridge on both side of the river. Does not know whether or act the bridge was repaired.

Only one span of the steel truss bridge was damaged.

SOCIOLOGICAL　　　　　　　　　　 YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHIH (延吉縣 龍井市)

　　D/O Aug 41 – Jan 47

POPULATION:

Stated that up until the end of war, the population was said to be 50,000. Since then, there has been a fluctuation of population but no estimate of the change could be given. However, the population was comprised of (as of Jan 47) 60% Koreans and 40% Chinese. Most of the Koreans, who were considered to be well-to-do or better than average, moved to KOREA after the war. Did not know whether or not there were still Japanese there. Did not know if any other nationalities residing there.

EDUCATION:

Compulsory education was from the age of 7. Six years of formal education, until the completion of primary school was required. In LUNGCHING, there were 3 Korean primary schools which were said to be actually one. One was called the main LUNGCHING primary school and the other two were called LUNGCHING #1 branch school and LUNGCHING #2 branch school. There was only one Chinese primary school in LUNGCHING.

There were 2 Korean middle schools. No Chinese middle schools. Middle school too was 6 yr in length. Although the schools were, in a sense, co-educational, the boys and girls studied in separate classrooms.

Other educational institutions. Where was a medical college. This medical school which was said to be the former site of the Japanese embassy was located 900 m NE of the LUNGCHING RR Station. This was a Korean medical school which was controlled by the County Government. Number of students, curriculum, instructors, and other info relative to this medical college was unknown.

PUBLIC HEALTH & WELFARE:

Hospital:

The city hospital was located 700 m SSW of LUNGCHING RR Station. It was a one story red brick bldg measuring 40 m x 20 m with gabled galvanized iron roof.

Fire Station:

The fire station which was the only one in LUNGCHING was located 800 m SW of the RR Station. It was a 20 x 15 m x one story bldg with only one fire truck.

There was a fire look-out tower on the side of the fire station bldg. No modern fire alarm system in city. There were fire hydrants throughout the city, usually at intersections. Fires were said to be fee.

GOVERNMENT OFFICES:

YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHIH, Branch Custom House:

(延吉縣 龍井市 ■關支所)

The custom houses, measuring 20 m x 12 m x 2 stories high with gabled slate roof was located 800 m S of the LUNGCHING RR Station. The function of the custom was to prevent smuggling between KOREA and MANCHURIA and cleared all items which were imported and exported. Smuggling of narcotics was prevalent from N KOREA into MANCHURIA. Some of the items which were smuggled into N KOREA were tires, clothing, electrical appliances and cosmetics.

City Hall:

The city hall, which during the Japanese occupation, was a Christian church was located 600 m SW of the LUNGCHING RR Station. It was a brick bldg measuring 25 m square and 2 stories high.

Public Safety Bureau:

This is the city’s law enforcement agency. The Public Safety Bureau was located 400 m S of the LUNGCHING RR Station. It was a former police HQ during the Japanese occupation. It is a brick bldg measuring as follows:

The law enforcement officers were said to wear the same uniform as the CCF troops except for a red star above the visor of the cap. They were armed with pistols or rifles. The members of this law agency are not as brutal as during the Japanese occupation, although sometimes mistreatment and brutality were practiced.

CIVILIAN HEALTH:

Health of the Inhabitants:

The most prevalent epidemic was typhus. Other epidemics known to be in this area were cholera and smallpox. However, preventive measures have been taken and every year, during the spring, the Bureau of Public Health conducted an immunization program.

The typhus and smallpox epidemic generally coincided with the coming of spring. Cholera was prevalent during the summer.

In the spring of 1944, PW was ill with typhus and was treated at home. It took about one month to fully recover. All deaths from typhus in this area was said to occur in the first 10 days of the disease.

The known carriers of disease were lice, bed-bugs, and fleas. As preventive measures, the Bureau of Public Health sponsored health programs such as putting out posters and carrying out clean-up campaigns.

There is no modern sewage system. Sewage and waste was carried out by ox-carts. Dung was used as fertilizer. There is no storm sewer system for surface drainage. Ditches are still used. These drainage ditches are not covered and are inadequate.

The usual dict consisted of rice, kaoliang, corn, pork, cabbage, carrots, onions, cucumbers and the like. These foods were mainly derived from the farms on the outskirts of the city. Soybeans, kaoliang, rice and wheat were rationed through various places of employment. However, provisons were also available on the black market which was more or less operated “in the open”.

In case of an epidemic, it is reported to the Bureau of Vital Statistics (戶籍局). Although the people are instructed to report it, there is no control for people not reporting diseases.

ECONOMICS

TANNERY　　　　　　　　　　　　YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHIH (延吉縣 龍井市)

Pvt　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D/O Aug 41 – Jan 47

This installation was known as the LUNGCHING Tannery. PW observed this target many times. Interior of the plant was not observed.

It was located 1 km SW of LUNGCHING RR Station; 50 m SW of the concrete bridge; and adjacent to the People’s Middle School.

The plant was not enclosed and was bordered by residential homes on the North and the river on the South; on the East, a road (N-S); on the West, the Peoples’ Middle School.

The plant consisted of a single bldg as follows:

It was a brick bldg with tile, gabled roof.

The employees of the plant were Manchurians. Number of workers was not known. Plant was operated 1 – 8 hour shift daily, 6 days per week.

Info on import of raw material, productions, disposition and tanning methods was not available.

PENCIL MFG PLANT　　　　　　　 YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHIH (延吉縣 龍井市)

Pvt　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D/O Aug 41 – Jan 47

NAME OF PLANT:

EIYO GUN PENCIL MFG PLANT (榮譽軍鉛筆工場).

Observation of this plant was made often while passing by during the above mentioned period.

LOCATION:

1500 m SSE of LUNGCHING RR Station, 450 m WNW of the reservoir.

AREA:

50 x 40 m enclosed by a 25 m high cinder brick wall. PW saw a CCF soldier standing guard at the entrance of the plant and only military personnel were admitted.

There were 3 cinder brick bldg in the area but PW had no information concerning its interior.

Japanese make NISSAN (日産) truck which were controlled by the CCF were observed being utilized within the plant area.

FINISHED PRODUCTS, DISTRIBUTION & USE:

Regular wooden lead pencils without erasers were produced at this plant. PW didn’t know whether or not other types of pencils, such as colored pencils were made here. PW saw some of the pencils being sold at a store in the vicinity. The quality of the pencils was said to be inferior. One pencil was sold at 3,000 – 4,000 yuan, retail price.

Rate of production was unknown.

LABORERS:

PW believed that since only military personnel were permitted to enter, this plant was operated by the military. Troops were seem entering plant at all hours, so PW believed that troops working here were also quartered in the area. PW was not able to estimate the number of troops in this area.

During the Japanese occupation, this installation was a customs office. Then the Communist Army moved in, it was converted into a pencil mfg plant and there was a sign at the entrance written in Chinese characters “EIYO GUN PENCIL MFG PLANT.” (榮譽軍鉛筆工場)

T/E PONER PLANT　　　　　　　　YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHIH (延吉縣 龍井市)

Pvt　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D/O Aug 41 – Jan 47

LOCATION:

1 km E of LUNGCHING RR Station.

OBS:

Observation of this target was mede often from the LUNGCHING RR Station which was about 1 km (NW).

SUMMARY OF OBS:

From the distance of obs, PW related that he observed 3 black (concrete?) smoke stacks of even height protruding from the flat roof of a light gray colored concrete bldg. (Size unknown) The T/E power plant was said to stand out in this area. It was surrounded by small bldg which were believed to be residential homes.

WATER PUMPING STATION　　　　YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHIH (延吉縣 龍井市)

Pvt　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D/O Aug 41 – Jan 47

LOCATION: 2,000 m SE of the LUNGCHING RR Station, 500 m ESE of the Pencil Mfg Plant.

PW often observed this target while passing.

AREA:

23 m x 40 m enclosed by a 2 high barbed wire fence. The area was surrounded by: to the NE and NW for about 50 m were farms and beyond that, residential homes, to the SW, a river running from ESE to WSW; to the SE a road running NE to SW terminating at the back of the river.

INDIVIDUAL FACILITIES:

The water pumping station consisted of a single story (8 m high) red brick bldg with a pyramid type slate roof measuring about 18 m square. Interior of bldg was unobserved. PW stated that water was believed to have been pumped from the river, but there were no visible pipelines leading to the river. Since the water was pumped for drinking purposes, it was believed that it was also purified.

DISTRIBUTION:

Underground water pipelines were laid throughout the city but not to every individual installation and home. Community-style faucets were installed throughout the city and through this means water was available to the population. Water was carried in containers, usually in pails, from the community-style water faucets to the home. There were very few homes that had water pipes installed. These homes were owned by the rich people who could afford it during the Japanese occupation. He believed that this was the only water pumping station in this city.

RICE MILL　　　　　　　　　　　　　YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHIH (延吉縣 龍井市)

PW had often passed a rice mill, the largest of its kind in LUNGCHING (新井). It was located 500 m SW of the LUNGCHING RR Station. PW did not have info concerning the interior.

ARMED FORCES

CCF WOUNDED TROOPS’ REST CAMP　YENCHI-HSIEN, LUNGCHING-SHIH (延吉縣 龍井市)

Pvt

This target was situated on a hillside having a commanding view of LUNGCHING RR Station area which was about 1,500 m SW of this target. PW had been in this area in 1945. At that time, the area consisted of 2 Japanese language Korean middle schools for boys and girls respectively, a civil hospital and 3 barracks for a small detachment of Japanese troops. As of Jan 1947, this was a CCF officer’s training school but according to a friend who came to KOREA where PW had moved earlier, it was learned that it was reconverted into the CCF wounded soldiers’ rest camp in summer, 1948. It was also heard from this friend that the officer’s training school was moved to CHILING-SHIH (吉林市).

For the Commanding Officer:

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT

COMPOSED OF 9 TOWN COUNCILLORS WHOSE HEADS & REPRESENTS THEIR RESPECTIVE TOWNSHIPS

NOTE: EACH TOWN GOVERNMENT OFFICE BREAKS DOWN INTO 3 PARTS:

A MUNICIPAL SECURITY FORCE (CIVILIANS), A GENERAL AFFAIRS SECTION & A VITAL STATISTICS SECTION THE RUNNER-UP IN THE ELECTION OF THE TOWNSHIP COUNCILLOR AUTOMATICALLY ASSUMES THE POSITION AS ASS’T TOWN COUNCILLOR.

CITY OF YENCHI HSIENG LUNGCHING (延吉縣 龍井市) AS OF JAN 1947 SKETCH 1

1. People’s Middle School

2. Tannery

3. RR bridge over the HAI LAN river

4. Vehicle bridge over the HAI LAN river

5. RR bridge.

6. Chinese Primary School

7. LUNGCHING Middle School

8. Rice Mill

9. Fire Station

10. LUNGCHING Primary School, Branch #1

11. LUNGCHING Primary School, Branch #2

12. LUNGCHING Primary School, Main

13. LUNGCHING City Hall

14. City Hospital

15. Public safety Bureau

16. Movie Theatre

17. Telegraph Office

18. LUNGCHING Middle School, Branch #2

19. Medical Collage of LUNGCHING

20. YENCHI HSIENG, LUNGCHING City Branch, Custom House

21. Pencil Mfg, Plant

22. Wounded Proops: Rest Camp

23. Water pumping Station

24. LUNGCHING RR STA

25. T/E Power Plant

26. Park.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

NOTE: The mayor of each respective city is represented as the municipal representative in the County Assembly.

AREA SKETCH OF OFFICER’S TRAINING SCHOOL (OBS) AS OF JAN 47 AS OF SUMMER 1948, WAS USED AS WOUNDED SOLDIERS’ REST CAMP FOR THE CCF YENCHI HSIEN, LUNGCHING SKETCH 2

*1. Brick bldg. 1-storied w/file gable roof

*2. Brick bldg. 1-storied w/file gable roof former boys’ middle school

3. Brick bldg. 3-storied galvanized iron roof

4. Brick bldg. 1-storied 〃 〃 〃

*5. Brick bldg. 2-storied 〃 〃 〃 former barracks for sml

6. Brick bldg. 1-storied 〃 〃 〃 detachment of Japanese troops

7. Brick bldg. 1-storied tile gable roof former civil hospital

8. Brick bldg. 3-storied galvanized iron roof, former girls’ middle school

9. Brick bldg. 2-storied 〃 〃 〃, former Christian church.

NOTE: *mark; cinder brick built. Others are red brick bldgs..

The PW did not know what the various bldgs were being used for after the CCF took over.