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보/고/서

ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 4402

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS 0106)　31 October 1950

Very cooperative, wall educated and highly intelligent. Reliability, good.

Mar 26 - PW family moved to MUKDEN-SHENG, HSING CHING-HSIEN, MANCHURIA, where he attended Primary School.

25 Mar 36 - He moved to SHANGHIANG-SHENG, I, YANG-HSIEN, MANCHURIA (三江省■■縣) and completed 2 years of higher Primary School.

Apr 37 - Went to HARBIN to attend Middle School. He graduated from Middle School in Feb 42.

Mar 42 - Went to TOKYO, JAPAN to study.

Feb 43 - Returned to MANCHURIA to attend HARBIN Medical College and graduated in Aug 45.

Aug 45 - Started to work at "SHINKO" Hospital (新興病院) until he returned to KOREA in Dec 46.

Apr 47 - Started to work at CHONGJIN Textile Manufacturing Co Hospital (淸津織物工場病院) in KOREA and continued to work here until he was conscripted into the army.

17 Jul 50 - Conscripted into the NKA as a medical officer in the Defense Dept, Ministry of Interior, in P'YONGYANG (平揚內務省警備局), and assigned to Hq 11th Bn, 10th Brigade which was then stationed in IRI (裡里) and charged with the security of the area between TUKE (頭价) and NAMWON (南原).

24 Sep 50 - Moved to TAEJON (大田) with his unit.

26 Sep 50 - His unit started to retreat toward CHOCHIWON (鳥致院) and he was captured on 29 Sep 50, at CHONGJU (淸州).

AIRFIELD

HARBIN Airfield　　　　　　　　　　Obs: 1937 - 42 and Jun 46

Observation: From school ROTC training ground which was located immediately NE of the airfield from (37 to 42). After the end of the war, he went to the field on about five different occasions. (Jun 46)

Location: The airfield was located 6 km E of HARBIN RR Station, 5 km of Central Church, and 1.5 km NE of RR line to MU-TAN-CHIANG (壯丹江鐵道).

Dimensions: 3 km x 2 km. Rectangular

Runway and Surface: A "L" shaped concrete runway 2 km x 150 m x 1 km x 150 m was observed (see attached sketch, Inc #1 of 2). Remainder of field, grassy.

Access: The airfield was accessible from the SW by a 10 m wide paved road.

Buildings:

a. Hangars: 5 concrete underground hangar were located at NW portion of the field (see sketches #1 and #2). This hangar area was so strictly guarded that no civilian was authorized to approx within 1 km of the hangar area. Could not describe the interior of these hangars but he believed that each of these hangars was large enough to take 3 to 4 small fighter aircraft. A steel framed, corrugated sheet metal walked hangar, 150m x 30 m x 20 m, with arched roof, was located on the WSW portion of the field.

No information of administration buildings and control tower.

Aircraft Dispersal Points: Observed 20 to 30 single engine fighters on the NW portion of the field immediately SE of hangar area.

Obstruction: None

Technical Facilities: Unknown

Defense Installations: Unknown

Supply: Did not know the location of the supply storage area but he heard that it was an underground construction and that at the end of the war the Russians spent almost a week to remove the food and supplies stored there by the Japanese Army.

Meteorological Factors:

a. Wind: Moderate east wind prevails urging the summer months and north winds during the winter season.

b. Temperature: Winter average -25°C

Summer average +36°C

Construction and Improvement: Unknown

Administration and Personnel:

The airfield was under military administration but other details unknown.

Aircraft:

In Mar 46, observed about 20 Russian single engine fighters and a twin engine passenger plane here.

Miscellaneous: (Jun 46)

The general sentiment of the Chinese population in the area against the Russian occupation forces was very bad because of the disgraceful behavior of the Russian soldiers. There were numerous cases of robbery and rape committed by Russians, and many Chinese openly stated their strong objection to Communist control of the city.

MEDICAL INTELLIGENCE:

HARBIN (Population: 600,000)　　　　Obs: Jun 46

HARBIN City was connected by RR with MANCHURIA (滿洲里), CHICHIHARU (齊齊哈爾), CHANGCHUN (長春) and MU-IAN-CHIANG (牡丹江) by SUNGHUA River (松花江) with ILAN HSIEN (依蘭縣), KIAMUSZE (佳木斯), and PUCHIN (當錦).

Health of the Inhabitants:

Typhoid (腸窒扶斯), typhus (■疹窒扶斯) and smallpox (天然痘) were very common among the inhabitants of this area. Typhoid was more common during the summer months, especially in Jul, Aug, and Sep, when it was very common that 5~7% of the total city population were affected by it. Smallpox prevailed during the winter months. Cholera (虎■剌) and pest (黑死病) occurred in the latter part of the summer months, usually in Sep. Mortality rate of cholera, pest and smallpox was as high as 70%, while the death rate of typhoid and typhus was approximately 20%. Affected persons were usually treated at home. Although there were special isolation wards in hospitals, very few people took advantage of them.

Immunization Procedures:

The municipal government was responsible for the immunization of the people against typhoid, typhus, cholera, pest, and smallpox. The immunization injections were administered by physicians and nurses to the general public at street corners. The serum used for the immunization was usually of Japanese or American origin.

Medical Installations:

There were three large hospitals in HARBIN and a large number of small privately owned hospitals. PW believed that there were more than 150 doctors of which about 20 were women. The number of nurses was estimated about 150. The doctors were graduates of HARBIN Medical College, CH'ANGCHUN Medical College or MUKDEN Medical College.

Most doctors were financially well off. Their average monthly income was well over 150,000 Yen in 46.

The municipal government was responsible for the establishment of medical laws and regulations.

Medical Supplies:

Drugs, surgical instruments, and medical equipment were imported from JAPAN up to 45, but after the termination of the war, these supplies were obtained from the UNITED STATES through Central CHINA.

Public Health and Sanitation:

a. The Public Health Dept of the Public Welfare Bureau in the Municipal Government was responsible for sanitary conditions in the city. The Health Dept was headed by a chief, who was usually a college graduate, with about 10 clerks under him. This department was charged with the prevention of communicable diseases and with the disposal of waste.

b. The Board of Water Supply of the Municipal Government was responsible for the water supply of the city. The water supply system in HARBIN was very good. All the inhabitants in the city area had access to the city water supply system. The supply was abundant all year round until 45. However, after the termination of the war, the water supply became low. PW believes that this was due to the electric power shortage. The water which was supplied to the city was taken from the upper reaches of the SUNG HUA River (松花江) but PW did not know the exact point. The water was purified with chloride of the line and it could be used for drinking purposes without boiling. Did not observe any maintenance and repair work on the water supply system while he was in the city.

c. The sewer system was very good and covered the entire city area. The sewers emptied into the SUNG HWA River (松花江). The garbage collection point was designated on each street and inhabitants were required to dispose their garbage there. The garbage was picked up by collection trucks which were operated by the Public Health Dept, and transported to final disposal points. (Location unknown).

d. The usual diet of the Russians was composed of bread, pork, beef, lamb, fish, and vegetables, while the Chinese staples were rice, beef, pork, fish, and vegetables. The food supply was abundant and no ration system was in effect.

e. All the animals slaughtered for human consumption were inspected by representatives of the Public Welfare Bureau before slaughtering and had to be certified. Milk had to be pasteurized before marketing. This was required by law. Food processing plants and all eating establishment were inspected twice a month by representatives of the Public Welfare Bureau and had to meet the existing food control standard in reference to facilities and sanitary conditions. Large firms were equipped with electric refrigeration storage facilities for meat and other perishables.

f. Flies, lice, bedbugs, and mosquitoes were very common in any home in the city proper and no government control was in effect against these disease carriers.

g. In case of an epidemic or sudden outburst of an unusual disease, a special medical board was organized by the Municipal Government. The general public was required to be vaccinated and all research work as to its cause and route of transmission was conducted by the board. Affected persons were sent to isolation wards in order to prevent the spreading of the disease. Affected areas were placed off-limit to the general public.

Vital Statistics:

The law required that any doctor who found the following diseases must reports them to Public Welfare Bureau in Municipal Government:

Cholera(虎■剌)

Pest(黑死病)

Typhoid(腸窒扶斯)

Typhus(拔疹窒扶斯)

Diphtheria(■■印■)

Smallpox(天然痘)

Dysentery(痢疾)

Meningitis(流行性■膜炎)

Scarlet Fever(猩紅熱)

Horsepox(馬天花)

Cases of birth and death had to be reported to Public Welfare Bureau by the immediate family. The recode of births, however, was incomplete and inaccurate because the Chinese residents of the city were rather indifferent about making these reports. PW believes that the local vital statistics were reported to the Central Government, but has no knowledge of this fact.

RUSSIAN MILITARY ADVISORS:

While in P'YONGYANG (平壤) in Jul 50, he observed Russian military advisors almost daily. They were Russian officers' service uniforms and were riding jeeps, usually in pairs. Their ranks were either Lt Col or Col, their age usually around 40 years. Heard from fellow officer that these Russian officers were Military Advisors and that they were attached to various branches of service according to their special ability. The chief duty of these advisors was to instruct NK unit commanders in battle tactics, and to plan and conduct the training of the soldiers.

Also observed 3 Russian civilians, 2 men and a woman, at SEOUL when he went to the Medical Dept in the Federal (中央廳) Building. They were in civilian clothes. He thought they were American PW, but when he asked a guard in the building, he found that they too, were Russian Military Advisors.

Once received instruction from a NK army medical officer who had been trained by Russian military advisor on evacuation procedures in battle areas. He learned from the medical officer that all the operational procedures were set according to Russian military advisors' instruction.

For the Commanding Officer:

SKETCH OF HARBIN AIRFIELD MANCHURIA AS OF JUNE 1945 SKETCH NO. 1

SKETCH OF SEMI-UNDERGROUND HANGARS OF HARBIN AIRFIELD AS OF JUNE 1945 SKETCH NO. 2