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보/고/서

ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO 3852　7 March 1951

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS SPECIAL REPORT 032)　23 February 1951

Intelligent and cooperative. Physical condition, good. Judgement of measurements, fair. Memory, fair. Judgement of distances, poor. Reliability, fair.

16 Jul 50 - 18 Jul 50: Interviewed and conscripted. Received a crude physical examination.

19 Jul 50: Arrived at HAMHUNG (咸興). Boarded train to PYONGYANG.

24 Jul 50 - 19 Sep 50: Arrived PYONGYANG on 24 Jul 50. Received military clothing. Trfd to 916th AAA Gun Regt, 3rd Bn, 9th Co 2 Aug 50. Did general duties and training on computer. Upon formation of 23rd Ind AA Bn 5 Sep 50, assigned 1st Co, Computer Plat, Computer Sqd.

19 Sep 50: 10 days prior to 19 Sep 50, 23rd Ind Bn Hq and majority of personnel trfd to SEOUL. Remaining 20 men and PW of 23rd Ind AA Bn trfd by rail to UNGOK (雲谷).

2 Oct 50: Arrived UNGOK

8 Oct 50: Departed UNGOK by rail for SOKTAN, ONCH’ON (石炭溫泉). Further movement by truck to P’YONGYANG.

11 Oct 50: Arrived P’YONGYANG and remained for one week. Received 40 x 85mm AA gun personnel from 586th AA Regt.

19 Oct 50: 60 men with 2 trucks and equipment departed for SINUIJU (新義州). PW deserted in the vicinity of SUKCHON (肅川), was captured in YONGYU (永柔), 21 Oct 50.

Computer

(1) PW had approx 2-days training on computer. No training of other operator’s duties.

(2) Computer requires 11 men to operate. Length of bot xis 1.5 m x 1 m x 2 m. overall length of trailer, 2 m. 2 wheel trailer, diameter of tire and rim, 80 cm.

(a) #1 Operator - Estimated wind direction and velocity “Kentucky” windage style and used that data on a circular board. See Sketch #15 of circular board.

(b) #2 Operator - Sets a cylindrical graph to a figure given by #5 Operator. See Sketch #16.

(c) #3 Operator - Corrected the height of bursts and drift of shell, with 2 dials. See Sketch #21

(d) #4 Operator - Determines the height at which shell should burst. Operated graph identical to #2 Operators’. Scale and range unk, but PW does not know if graph lines had curvature or not. No other scales attached to graph. Operator sets graph to a figure given by #5 operator. Both #2 and #4 Operators used the same figure.

(e) #5 Operator - Sets a figure (distance in meters) given by Base Range Finder Operator to a computing device. Figure given by Base Range Finder is also utilized by Operator #2 and #4. See Sketch #20.

(f) #6 Operator - Height range setter. Sights ACFT through a one-eye glass and kept nose of ACFT on horizontal X-hair of glass. See Sketches #18, 13 and 14 or apparatus. PW believes that this apparatus is connected to #2 Operator’s graph.

(g) #7 Operator - Operated a revolving disc, 15 cm in dia with rhombic shape needle, 12 cm long. See Sketch 23.

(h) #8 Operator - Operates an identical dial as #7 Operator - purpose and duty unk. See Sketch #23.

(i) #9 Operator - Operates an instrument identical to that of #6 Operator’s except that #9 Operator kept nose of ACFT on vertical X-hair of scope sight. See Sketches #18.

(j) #10 Operator - Operates the switch located lower left of #1 Operator’s seat. This switch turned the computer on or off. See Sketch #22. He also cleans wet cell batteries and lays wires between gun sites and computer.

(k) #11 Operator - Computer crew chief. Should know operation of each crew member’s duties. Polices area of computer, verbally relays computer plat leader’s verbal orders to computer crew.

(3) PW was #6 Operator, Height pointer range setter. Sights ACFT and set ACFT on horizontal X-hair line with a crank. No other duty to perform.

(4) Distance to ACFT measured in meters by Base Range Finder Operator.

(5) Quadrants where ACFT located as follows:

Number called by spotters(5 or 6 men) to Base Range Finder Operators. Range Finder Operators relays direct range and height of ACFT to #5 Operator of computer. Computer uses only height of ACFT for computing purpose. It seems that no one utilizes the direct range of ACFT. No other method of finding direction of ACFT.

(6) Wet cell batteries (number unk) used in computer. Total voltage - approx 65 V. Replaced when voltage is low.

(7) No test problems were conducted to check accuracy of computer.

(8) A cable (dia 2 cm) connected computer to central “JERYA” (phonetic Russian word). Individual leads from central “JERYA” to guns.

(9) No metro data used since information on weather conditions unavailable. #1 Operator on computer estimated wind direction and wind velocity.

(10) Computer has best results when ACFT is high and flying at a fixed speed. Computer cannot be used for fighter type ACFT.

(11) Computer is a USSR model 1942 product.

(12) Length of Base Range Finder, 2 m; dia, 10 cm mounted on tripod.

(13) Computer is leveled by Plat Ldr with a small level carried in his pocket.

Rader

(1) Equipment: Russian made

(2) hearsay: PW heard that a scope which shows waves/pips was used to locate aircraft. Saw scope once and saw waves/pips 5 mm high. This scope seen in receiving antenna unit, last of Aug 50 at PYONGYANG.

(3) Both transmitting and receiving antenna made revolutions until aircraft is located. When aircraft is located both antennas would cease rotation and track aircraft in flight. Both antennas rotate and counter rotate 360°.

(4) Believes there are 3 operators per transmitting and receiving antenna.

(5) Believes these antennas rotated by manual cranking method. Saw a camouflaged generator (2 m x 70 cm x 1.8 m). Saw two lines between transmitter and receiving antenna, one large, (dia 2 cm) and the other small (appeared like ordinary line). Heard that generator was used to supply power for antennas. Later a line was laid to the generator to supplement power output.

(6) Two lines (dia of each 2 cm) led from “POPODE” also called “PEPEDE” (both Russian words) to computer. One line led from computer to a central “JERYA” (Russian). One line each led from central “JERYA” (Russian) to each of the four 85 mm AA guns. No lines observed from “POPODE” or “PEPEDE” to antennas. “POPODE” or “PEPEDE” gave direction in degrees and vertical height in meters to computer crew operators #9 and #6.

(7) Two lines (dia of each 2 cm) led from “POPODE” or “PEPEDE” to computer.

(8) Generator - transmitting antenna and receiving antenna were laid on a level flat place. “POPODE” or “PEPEDE” was an underground affair.

(9) Duration required to warm up radar set unk, but believes it would take about 5 minutes.

(10) No incidents of radar locating aircraft through clouds or in darkness.

(11) Antennas on both transmitter and receiver revolved 360°. Rate of revolution variable.

(12) Transmitter and receiver antennas fixed on side of revolving box (3 m x 2 m x 2.5 m).

(13) “POPODE” or “PEPEDE” was 200 m away from 85 mm guns.

(14) Radar site usually in a low level spot.

(15) Radar antenna (See Sketches #5 & #6)

(16) Phone from “PEPEDE” or “POPODE” to Co Hq. No other communication facilities between guns and radar.

(17) Esteem of radar-low - frequently broke down. Antenna 180° out of phase with ACFT (ACFT is in a certain direction but antenna is faced 180° opposite the ACFT). WW II equipment. A certain motor would overheat. After 2 hours of continuous operation, operators in revolving box would become dizzy and have headaches.

(18) Number of ACFT known in accordance with waves/pips appearance in scope.

(19) Heard that waves/pips would appear on scope when shells burst during trial fire.

(20) Scope, dia 15 cm - was milky in color with black fluctuating lines (waves/pips) from left to right. Scope divided into 4 equal parts with black lines. All waves/pips were observed above horizontal line.

Foreign Elements, Russian

Approx 15 men seen - one officer rest EM. (See sketch #9 of shoulder epaulets.) Officer had Russian OD field jacket, blue pants with one red strip along sides, riding boots, sam brown belt, and garrison type cap. Saw officer 5 or 6 times from a distance of 50 m. Saw EM daily at mess hall. Russian EM messed in partitioned section of mess hall. Heard that Russian brought radar equipment and were here for radar instruction purpose. Observed from 12 Aug 50 to 25 Aug 50.

Guns

(1) 85 mm AA gun (Russian) used in battery. Maximum range, 10,500 m, mounted on four wheels and pulled by truck.

(2) Marking of ammo unk. PW carried boxes of ammo during darkness. Did not observe any markings on case.

(3) 4 X 85 mm AA guns in a Btry.

(4) Believes there are 10 men per gun.

For the Commanding Officer:

BATTERY SITE AT P’YONGCH’ON-NI (　　) VICINITY OF P’YONGYANG (OBS: 2 Aug 50 to 10 Aug 50) (Sketch -1)

1. Battery site; 50m from road crossing

2. 65th Factory (mfg small arms)

3. 586th AA Regiment camp (4 barracks)

4. Twin steel RR bridges; length unknown, both damaged

5. TAEDONG river (　　)

6. TAEDONG RR STA

7. Levee

8. 2 lane road

9. Single land road

10. Battery site #2; 1km from point #3

BATTERY SITE AT P’YONGCHON-NI(See Sketch #1, Point - 1) OBS: 2 Aug 50 to 10 Aug 50 (Sketch - 2)

1. Computer

2. Base range finder (2m long, 15cm dia) on tripod

3. Underground Btry Hq; 2x2x1m, 2 phones observed

4. 85mm AA guns

5. Central “JERYA” (Phonetic-Russian)

Note: 15m between #1 and #2

30m between #1 and #3

80m between #1 and #5

Guns laid in 30m square shape

60m between #1 and #4a

Lines indicate wiring system

BATTERY SITE AT P’YONGCHON-NI (1km NW of point-3 of Sketch #1) OBS: 10 Aug 50 to 4 Sep 50 (Sketch - 3)

1. Computer

2. Base range finder

3. Central “JERYA” (Phonetic-Russian)

4. 85mm AA guns

5. Btry Hq (2x1x1m), 3 field telephones, underground construction

Note: All measurements of points #1, #2, #3 and #4 are same as in Sketch #2

20m between #1 and #5

Pit dimensions for this site were same as that in Sketch #4

SITES OF BATTERY EQUIPMENT AT POINTS #1 & #10. SKETCH #1 (Sketch - 4)

SKETCH OF TRANSMITTING ANTENNA (Sketch - 5)

1 & 2. Tires - 70cm dia 15cm wide (4 tires altogether)

3 & 4. Stands - method of lowering & raising unk

5. Eases; 2.5 x 3.5m

6. 60cm dia pivot

7. Revolving box; 3x2x2.5m (side showing in sketch)

8. Fixed antenna; 4m x 80cm

SKETCH OF RECEIVING ANTENNA (Sketch - 6)

1, 2, & 3. Steel bar, 60cm long dia unknown

4. Steel bar 4m long

All other dimensions same as Sketch - 5

RADAR BATTERY SITE AT P’YONGSHON-NI P’YONGYANG; OBS: Aug 50 to Sep 50 (Sketch - 7)

1. Battery site (see sketch-3)

2. “PEPEDE” also called “POPODE” (Russian)

3. Receiving antenna

4. Transmitting antenna

5. Generator for points #2, #3 & #4

NOTE: Wires laid between #1 and #2 seen wires leading from #3 towards #4. No other observed.

SKETCH OF REVOLVING-BOX OF RECEIVING ANTENNA (Sketch - 8)

NOTE: No other details of inside of revolving box.

SHOULDER EPAULETS OF RUSSIAN PERSONNEL (Sketch - 9)

SKETCH OF COMPUTER, RIGHT-SIDE VIEW (PANEL #1) (Sketch - 10)

NOTE: Operators of #1, #2 and #6 sat on this side of the computer.

See sketches 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 for detailed information of each operator’s apparatus.

See sketch 14 for dimensions of computer trailer.

SKETCH OF COMPUTER, LEFT-SIDE VIEW (PANEL #2) (Sketch - 11)

NOTE: #5 and #9 operators sat on this side.

See sketches 18, 19, 20 and 21 for detailed information of each device.

SKETCH OF COMPUTER, REAR VIEW (PANEL #3) (Sketch - 12)

NOTE: #3 and #4 operators sat on this side of the computer.

See sketches 18 and 21 for detailed information on each device.

SKETCH OF COMPUTER, FRONT VIEW (PANEL #4) (Sketch - 13)

NOTE: #7 and #8 operators sat on this side of the computer.

See sketches 18 and 23 for detailed information of each device.

SKETCH OF COMPUTER TRAILER (Sketch - 14)

SKETCH OF #1 OPERATOR’S PLOTTING GRAPH (LOCATED ON PANEL #1), COMPUTER (Sketch - 15)

1. Vertical metal part with x-hair, which moves horizontally by crank (8).

2. Horizontal x-hair which moves vertically by crank (7).

3. Winding key which fits into (4) and (5).

4. Winding key was fit into this place to set variable indicator (6) on scale on both sides. Setting was done once a day.

5. Winding key was also fit into this place. (4) and (5) were wound when straight scale was at bottom.

6. Indicator. This indicator’s scale was on the circular disc; the disc was 20cm in dia, had an off-center spiral, and was moved by an electrical power. There was an evenly spaced scale on edge of the disc - range & scale was unknown.

7. Crank for horizontal x-hair part (2).

8. Crank for vertical x-hair part (1).

9. Indicator. Numbers revolved in square.

10. Screws. In order to wind (5) and set (4) by the key (3), these screws had to be removed and open the glass pane (25cm square).

#2 OPERATOR’S GRAPH, ON PANEL #1 COMPUTER (Sketch - 16)

NOTES: a. This cylinder rotated counterclockwise as looking from top. Revolution per minute was unknown.

b. The sliding ■ with eye indicator followed the lines on graph of which details were unknown. The lines had curvatures, but the PW did not know if it were upward or downward. (Scale & graph details were unknown.)

c. Indicator crank was located directly below the graph on bottom of box.

d. There were no other scales attached to this graph.

DIRECT RANGE INDICATOR & DIRECTION INDICATOR OPERATED BY #6 & &9 OPERATORS (Sketch - 17) PANEL - 1 & 2

a. The,re were two straight scales.

b. The scales were centrally placed in dial. Length of the scales were unknown.

c. Right scale was graduated from an unknown number to 12 at single intervals.

d. Left scale was graduated from 10 to 100 at 10 intervals.

e. There were several of this type indicators. Actual number unknown.

f. This indicator was located at #6 operator’s site.

a. There were two circular scales.

b. The scales were placed centrally in the dial.

c. Upper scale was graduated from zero to 6 at single intervals.

d. Lower scale was graduated from 1 to 10 at single intervals.

e. This indicator was located at #6 and #9 operator’s site.

SKETCH OF #6 OPERATOR’S APPARATUS COMPUTER (Sketch - 18)

NOTE: #9 Operator’s apparatus looked similar to this.

SKETCH OF SUBSTITUTE APPARATUS USED BY #6 & #9 OPERATORS (Sketch - 19)

NOTE: This apparatus was seen twice by the PW. It was used in place of apparatus shown in Sketch - 18 when Radar was operated. No other information was available.

Point-1: Dial. Scale and range was unknown.

Point-2: Triangular indicator. Variable or set was unknown. No other information was available.

SKETCH OF #5 OPERATOR’S COMPUTING DEVICE (Sketch - 20)

NOTE: The indicator was enclosed behind a glass pane. The scale was an up-and-down movement indicator with numbers graduated on the left center.

There was a pencil sharpener type crank located at the right bottom of this device.

SKETCH OF #3 OPERATOR’S ■■D DIALS COMPUTER (PANEL #3) (Sketch - 21)

NOTE: Both of the dials had a diameter of 6cm. The scales were straight and moved up and down on both sides.

SKETCH OF #10 OPERATOR’S CONTROL PANEL COMPUTER (Sketch - 22)

NOTE:

a. One dial showed amperes and the other showed voltage.

b. The relay button was pressed by the assistant gun platoon leader. - one long press (approx 8 seconds) and one short press was the orders to load and fire. (The first press commands load round in breach, the second press to fire.)

c. This instrument was located at the left lower corner of Panel-1.

SKETCH OF #7 & #8 OPERATOR’S DIAL COMPUTER (PANEL #4) (Sketch - 23)

NOTE: Triangular (colored black) shapes were all equilateral around the dial. Number of triangles is unknown.