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보/고/서

ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 2982　23 January 1951

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS SPECIAL REPORT - 0369)　17 January 1951

Intelligent and observant. Cooperative. Reliability - Fair to Good.

Jan 49 - Went to SHANHSI-SHENG, TAIYUAN (山西省 太原) to join YEN, Hsi Shan’s (閻錫山) CNA forces. Received 3 months training here. Desired to get away from CCF who had taken PEIPING and surrounding area.

Mar 49 - Assigned to 7th Independent Div of Marshal YEN, Hsi Shan’s CNA. Departed on foot from TAIYUAN (太原) for HSIN-HSIEN (新縣) on TUNG-PU RR (kanji unknown) (Line runs from LUNGHAI RR (隴海鉄路), terminus city of TUNGKUAN (潼関) north to TATUNG (大通) via SHANHSI-SHENG, TAIYUAN (山西省 太原) to engage CCF in that area.

Apr 49 - Returned to vicinity of TAIYUAN (太原) and shortly thereafter was included in the surrender of CNA to the 66th Army, CCF.

May 49 - Went to TATUNG (大通) to engage remnants of CNA, resulting in capture of the city by CCF. Remained approx one month.

Jun 49 - Departed for TIENTSIN (天津) by train from TATUNG (大通) via YANGKAO (陽高), TIENCHEN (天鎭), WANCHUAN (萬全) and PEIPING.

Jun - Oct 50 - Further field training in TIENTSIN (天津).

22 Oct 50 - Departed by train for ANTUNG (安東).

26 Oct 50 - Arrived ANTUNG (安東), stayed overnight and crossed YALU River into KOREA.

Commander, 66th Army - SHIAO, Ching Huai (蕭慶槐).

Political Commissar - WANG, Tse Tung (王紫東).

The 66th Army is believed the only element of the 20th Army Group taking part in the Korean campaign. It is not an integral part of the 3rd or 4th Field Armies thus far identified in KOREA but “attached” to the 4th. (Sic)

Pay scale based on price of millet at following rates:

Pvt - 6 catties (7.8 lbs) per month.

Co officers - 10-12 catties (13-15.6 lbs).

PW was last paid in TIENTSIN (天津) on 15 Oct 50, receiving 12,000 yuan (People’s Currency CCF).

PW believed that the 66th Army was composed of approximately 50% former CNA troops. The source of these CNA troops presently in the 66th Army was:

Marshal YEN, Hsi Shan’s (閻錫山) forces in SHANTUNG Prov.

FU, Chou Yi’s (溥作儀) “Fighting 4th Army” which surrendered in PEIPING in Jan 49, the 35th CNA and the 92nd CNA.

WU, Chung Nan’s (胡忠南) forces which surrendered in SHANTUNG (山東).

General treatment since induction into CCF has been good. PW noted, however, that pay standard was much lower and there was sharp discrimination in the administration of military justice. CNA personnel without exception were always given much harsher punishment than members of the CP.

Field rations for 4 days per man consist of:

1 catty (1.3 lbs) Hardtack (salted and yellow colored).

4 catties (5.2 lbs) Roasted corn kernels.

3 catties (3.9 lbs) Roasted rice.

Consumption rate is based on 2 catties (2.6 lbs) per day per man while in combat. PW stated since coming to KOREA in Oct 50, he has had a 2 oz. meat ration and vegetables only on three occasions.

Clothing:

Only the 196th Div of the 66th Army were issued heavy quilted winter uniform upon arrival in MUKDEN in Oct 50. Members of the other divisions of the 66th Army seen by PW all wore the lighter cotton-padded but unquilted uniforms which are not as warm. Inadequate supply was given as reason.

Standard uniform issue is two summer uniforms and one winter, cotton-padded uniform. Standard footwear is the cotton-soled Chinese shoe. However, upon arrival in KOREA, PW saw troops of the 4th Field Army wearing cloth shoes lined with some sort of fur believed to be sheep skin.

Progressive build up of usual anti-American propaganda, accusing US Of imperialistic invasion of KOREA commencing July-August 1950, in weekly company political meetings. PW was not aware KOREA was ultimate destination when 66th Army departed TIENTSIN (天津) but was informed upon arrival at MUKDEN. CHIANG Kai Shek was referred to as a fool and a puppet of American imperialists.

As to effect of such propaganda upon troops in general, PW noted no special reaction. He further stated that this attitude should not cause any surprise, for the average soldier in the CNA or CCF was in the army for the living he could get out of it. PW stated in his own case, he joined the CNA to escape harm from the CCF when his home district fell into Communist hands, and secondly, to avoid being rooted to the family farm. He prefers the CNA because of the better pay offered and somewhat better food. PW reasoned that he represented the traditional view of Chinese soldiers of all stations.

PW’s description of visual night signals appear to be the use of certain types of tracer bullets giving off blue, red and yellow or white color. The standard model 38 Japanese (short) rifle is said to be used. PW stated there were four men in a company assigned as signal men and runners equipped with such rifles. These rifles were different only in length and were known as the model 38 cavalry rifle. (Note: Japanese model 38 (1905) was made in 3 lengths of 50¼”. 44¼” and 38” besides what is generally known as the model 44 cavalry carbine with folded bayonet.)

Co to Bn - Runners, 4 men.

Bn to Regt - Field telephone plus 1 squad of runners, 6-7 men.

Regt to Div - 2 squads of runners (12 men), 1 mounted squad of 6 men.

Div to Regt - Radio, field phones and mounted and dismounted couriers.

No vehicles; all mounts are horses.

For the Commanding Officer:

Organization Chart of 66th Army As of 10 Jan. 1951

Note;

66th Army, Part of 20th Army Group.

67th and 68th Armies of this Group not yet Identified.

Political indoctrination under Direction Army Political Commissar through Political CO. down to Co. Level.