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보/고/서

ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 2539　6 December 1950

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS FWD #1 0265)　3 November 1950

PW was very cooperative and appeared to be fairly intelligent and observant.

Information obtained seems to be reliable.

Sep 47: PW was inducted into the CNA at HSU CHOU (徐州), He was assigned to the 60th Army in HSU CHOU CHINA. (徐州) and received two months training.

Nov 47: 60th Army arrived CHIN-JU (錦州), MANCHURIA.

Feb 48: 60th Army departed and arrived at MUKDEN (奉天).

Oct 48: 60th Army departed MUKDEN and arrived at MEISHAN (黑山), where PW was captured by CCF.

28 Oct 48: PW was conscripted into the CCF and assigned to the 39th Army.

Dec 48: 39th Army departed HEI-SHAN and arrived at TIENTSIN (天津), CHINA the following Jan 49.

Apr 49: 39th Army departed TIEITSIN and arrived at HUPEN-SHENG (河北); CHINA in Jun 49.

Aug 49: 39th Army de parted HUPEN-SHENG and arrived at HUNAN-SHENG.

Dec 49: 39th Army departed HUNAN-SHENG and arrived at HONAN- SHENG (湖南省) Jan 50.

Jul 50: 39th Army departed HONAN-SHENG, CHINA and arrived LIAO-YANG (遼陽), MANCHURIA by train. The 39th Army received intensive combat training for about 3 months.

25 Oct 50: The 39th Army departed LIAOYANG by train and arrived at KUANTIEN HSIEN (天津) the following day.

26 Oct 50: 39th Army immediately departed KUAN TIENHSIEN, ANTUNG SONG (安東省) and arrived in the vicinity of YALU River.

27 Oct 50: 39th Army divided into several sections, crossed the YALU River over a concrete bridge into CHONG SONGJIN (淸成津), KOREA. The army marched toward NE from CHONG SONG JIN until the single-tracked RR line leading. from MANCHURIA into KOREA was reached. The 39th Army utilized a dirt highway situated alongside the above RR tracks and marched MS

28 Oct 50: 39th Army arrived at KUSONG (亀成) and rested for 2 days.

30 Oct 50: 39th Army, divided into numerous sections, departed KU-SONG and arrived at T’AECHON (太川) 2 days later.

1 Nov 50: PW believed that entire 39th Army departed TAECHON and arrived at YONGS’AN-DONG (龍山洞) on 10 Nov 50. Defense positions were set up.

17 Nov 50: Elements of 39th Army enc ountered heavy artillery barrage.

18 Nov 50: PW was captured.

The many UN propaganda leaflets, which were showered upon the troops of the 39th Army in KOREA, had very little effect, simply because the men were strictly forbidden to read them. All violators were immediately executed. The fact that many Chinese soldiers were illiterate also contributed to the ineffectiveness of the propaganda leaf lets.

The soldiers may frequently desert their unit, because they do not want to be killed in combat. Others desert because they do not like to serve with the strictly disciplined CCF. Very few are influenced by UN leaflets, due to the fact that the average soldier is indoctrinated to distrust the Americans. They were taught that when captured by the enemy it meant certain torture and slow death.

All deserters, however, are readily apprehended by the police elements of the CCF. In CHINA and MANCHURIA the CCF, especially the 39th Army, did not employ the use of rear guards to prevent desertions. If a deserter safely slipped by his company leaders during the night, more hardships awaited him. The CCF had set up an effective system, whereby the villagers were compelled to report the arrival of any stranger. Deserters are frequently apprehended in this manner. The same system was employed by the CCF in KOREA. Chinese deserters were very easily detected among the Koreans, due to their language difficulties. The fate of the apprehended deserters was Usually decided by their immediate commanders.

PW suggested that instead of employing the use of propaganda leaflets, the UN Army should use the system frequently used by the CCF. The CCF, when waging war against the CNA, always depended on psychological warfare to defeat its enemy. This system included the wide use of CNA prisoners of war. The CCF on capturing 1000 (number picked at random) CNA soldiers, would segregate 100 of them into a special enclosure. Good treatment was accorded to these men along with high-pressure propaganda lectures. After several weeks of this, the CNA soldiers are released to return to their original units or homes. These men who observed only half of the picture, returned to their units and spread the gospels of CCF life. In this manner the CNA strength was greatly weakened by disgruntled men. PW estimated that each indoctrinated soldier, who was released by the CCF, under mined the morale of 100 CNA men. PW stated that the majority of the CNA soldiers, fooled by false facts, permitted themselves to be captured.

When asked why the CCF troops should believe the gospel of UN life related by returning soldiers (in the event that UN should also adopt the above mentioned method), PW stated that approx 80% of the CCF soldiers were former CNA members, who were greatly disillusioned with the true picture of CCF life. These men are willing to desert the CCF en masse, if guaranteed safe-passage to their homes, Only their present fear of the UN soldiers (murderers and tortur ers, according to CCF indoctrinations) prevent them from surrendering.

Northeast (MANCHURIA) Chief - KAO, Kang (高菵) - This area includes the following provinces: CHILIN-SONG (吉林省); HEILUNG-KIANG-SONG (黑龍江省); LIAO NING-SONG (遼寧省); ANTUNG-SONG (安東省 ); (others unknown).

Southeast CHINA Chief - CHEN YI (陳毅) - with the following provinces: KIANG SU-SONG (江蘇省); ANHWEI-SONG (安徵省); FU KIEN-SONG (福建省); CHE CHANG-SONG (浙江省).

North CHINA Chicf - CHU, Te (朱德) - Provinces of: SHAN SI-SONG (山西省); SHANTONG SONG (山東省); JEHOL SONG (熱河省); CHAR HAR-SONG (察合次省); SUI YUAN-SONG (總遠省).

South Central CHINA Chief - LIN, Piao (林彪) - Provinces of: KIANGSI-SONG (廣西省); KWANGTUNG-SONG (廣東省); HUBEH-SONG (湖北省); HUNAN-SONG (湖南省); KIANGSI-SONG (江西省); HONAN-SONG (河南省).

Southwestern CHINA Chief - LIU, Pei Chong (刘伯承) - Provinces of: SIKANG-SONG (西康省); YUNNAN-SONG (雲南省); SZECHWAN-SONG (四川省 ); KWEICHOW-SONG (貴州省).

Northeast CHINA Chief - KU, Te Huai (彭德懷) - Provinces of: KANSU-SONG (甘肅省); SHENSI-SONG (陝西省); SINKIANG-SONG (新疆省); TSINGHAI-SONG (靑海省); NINGSIA-SONG ( 寧夏省).

For the Commanding Officer: