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보/고/서

ATIS INTERROGATION REPORT NO. 2328　21 November 1950

FIELD REPORT (ADVATIS SPECIAL REPORT NO. 0157)　15 November 1950

PW was intelligent and very cooperative. He appeared to be willing to offer information voluntarily, but did not attempt to make statements on items of which he had no knowledge. PW appreared to be honest and sincere. Memory, observance of details, and estimation of distances and directions were good. Reliability good

Born in SHANTAOYANGCHA (三道陽岔), a small farming village located approximately 68 km E of LINCHIANG (臨江). Entered the LIUTAOKOU Primary School at the age of eleven.

Dec 42: Graduated from the LIUTAOKOU Primary School (6 years)

Jan 42 - Jul 49: Engaged in farming at father's farm in LIUTAOKOU.

24 Jul 49: Conscripted by the Independent Division of the People’s Army. Division Hqs was located in LINCHIANG (臨江).

25 Jul 49 - 24 Jul 50: Squad commander in the above Division in grade of private.

25 Jul 50: Ordered by the Commanding Officer of the Third Battalion of the Independent Division to depart for North KOREA with 300 Korean privates of the same division.

3 Aug 50: Arrived P'YONGYANG (平壤).

PW served in the Independent (Reserve) Division of the People's Liberation Army for one year, from 25 Jul 49 to 24 Jul 50. Organization of the Division was as shown in the diagram attached to this report. Since the entire Division was considered a training center for recruits and reserves, there were no unit designations. PW was the leader of the 2nd Sqd, 3rd Plat, 3rd Co, 3rd Bn, 3rd Regt.

Company Equipment: Three Japanese Type “99” (九九式) light machine guns, 1 Japanese Type “38” (三八式) or Type “99” rifle per enlisted man, 1 Japanese Type “14” automatic pistol per officer, and one Chinese hand grenade and Type “38” Japanese bayonet per EM. The wooden handle of the grenade was 15 mm in diameter and 20 cm long. The steel part of the grenade was 5 cm in diameter and 20 cm long. One grenade weighed 1 1/3 lbs and was considered effective against enemy personnel within 5 m of where it landed.

Battalion Equipment: Three Japanese heavy machine guns (type unknown). All of these machine guns were allotted to the 4th Company of each Bn.

Regimental Organization and Equipment: Each regiment had one independent Mortar Company comprised of 100 men, in addition to the three battalions consisting of 12 companies of 150 men each. Each regimental independent mortar company had two 81 mm mortars, two 60 mm mortars and two flat trajectory guns (caliber and type unknown). One medical unit of five female nurses and twenty-five male privates was attached to each regiment. All medical units were commanded by officers of company grade.

Division Organization and Equipment: The medical department, containing Japanese nurses, former Japanese Medical Officers of the KWANTUNG Army, and Manchurian doctors and nurses, was attached to the Division Headquarters. An independent mountain artillery battalion, equipped with and unknown number of howitzers and guns was attached to Division Headquarters.

(Note: Refer to pamphlet Uniform, Insignia, Equipment of the North Korean Army dated August 1950 and published by MIS General Staff, GHQ, FFC for details on types of rifles and guns mentioned above.)

As of 25 Jul 50, the Division Headquarters was in LINCHIANG.

Three hundred Korean Privates (recruits) were weeded out of the entire Division and loaded on a train at LINCHIANG RR Station on 25 Jul 50. Destination was not revealed at that time. Weapons were not given to the Koreans. The train arrived at P'YONGYANG (平壤) RR Station on the morning of 31 Jul 50. Thirty of the Koreans, including the PW were sent to the Rear Echelon Supply Training School (後方 供給 諎漝所) in P'YONGYANG. 200 were sent to the Officers Training School (軍l官學校) and thirty were assigned to military hospitals. The remainder received training in various units of the North Korean Army in P'YONGYANG.

No Chinese soldiers were sent to KOREA at the time.

Birth certificates were filed at the LINCHIANG-HSIEN Government Office (Point #4). All males between the ages of 18 and 30 were subject to the draft, and trained for periods of 6 to 12 months. After the training period was completed, the trainees were assigned to regular Chinese Communist Units to serve for indefinite periods. Draft dodgers were sentenced to six months imprisonment. Only the physically handicapped and invalids were exempted from military service. Members of the Public Security Unit were exempted. Physical examinations were conducted at the Government Office to determine physical fitness for military service.

Recruits received no pay during the training period. Monthly wages for other personnel was as follows:

Privates: 70,000 YUAN (圓)

Platoon: Leaders and Company Commanders: 140,000 YUAN (圓)

The Communist 8th Route Army (八路軍) entered MUKDEN (奉天) around September of 1945 and TUNGHUA (通化), in November 1945. The Chinese “People’s Autonomous Army” (人民日治軍) entered LINCHIANG in January 1946.

Up to the date of the PW’s departure from LINCHIANG the Chinese forces were recruiting eligible males in all cities, towns and farming villages in MANCHURIA once or twice a year.

PW heard that equipment captured from the Chinese Nationalist Army was used by the CCF. Captured Nationalist soldiers were asked whether they wanted to return to their homes or serve with the CCF. Those who wished to remain were taken into the CCF. Nationalist soldiers were allowed to return to their homes if they wished. Approximately fifty percent of the captured Nationalist soldiers were said to have joined the CCF.

Three meals were served per day in the summer months (April to September) and two in the winter (October to March). Daily food ration in the summer consisted of 1½ KIN (　) of Kaliang (高梁) 1 KIN of vegetables, 4 MOMME of soy bean oil, and 2 MOMME of salt. White rice was served one a week. Meat and fish were supplied only on national holidays. Soldiers bought supplementary food items when they had money. The quantity of daily food ration in the winter remained the same although only two meals were served per day.

One small towel and 2 small bars of soap were issued once a year.

The following articles of clothing were issued:

1 pair of rubber soled canvas shoos every three months

1 summer uniform per year

1 winter uniform padded with cotton per year

2 pairs of socks (winter only)

1 summer cotton cap and one winter cap lined with dog fur per year.

No under was issued.

In winter, the summer uniform was worn under the winter uniform. Regular CCF troops were issued leather boots and cotton underwear.

Lectures were given two hours per day by political officers. Lectures were centered on oulogies of Communism and diatribes against "Imperialism". Lectures on Chinese culture, world trends, and the political system of the Chinese Communist Government were also delivered.

Attitude of the civil populace toward the PW was good. PW was called (同志 comrade) by the civil populace and was respected. The CCF was generally respected as a result of intense Communist propaganda. The rich who had their property confiscated were opposed to the CCF. The poor were in favor of the CCF since they received land and money confiscated from the rich, and there was no class discrimination after the elimination of the rich class.

Summer (April to September)

Reveille - 0400 hours

Running exercises - 0430 to 0500 hours

Training on rifle shooting and lobbing of hand grenades - 0500 to 0630

Personal Hygiene - 0630 to 0700 hours

Cleaning of barracks - 0700 to 0730 hours

Breakfast - 0730 to 0830 hours

Military training, mountain climbing, marching, bayonet practice and drill - 0830 to 1200 hours

Lunch - 1200 to 1230 hours

Rest period - 1230 to 1430 hours

Cultural training (Kanji writing, Chinese, arithmetic) and lectures - 1430 to 1730 hours

Individual review of daily training daily training - 1730 to 1830 hours

Supper - 1830 to 1930 hours

Singing and games - 1930 to 2030 hours

Roll call - 2030 to 2100 hours

Taps - 2100 hours

Sunday was the regular holiday. Soldiers received passes but had to return by 2000 hours.

Winter

Reveille - 0600 hours

Running exercises - 0600 to 0630 hours

Personnel Hygiene - 0630 to 0700 hours

Cleaning of barracks - 0700 to 0730 hours

Breakfast - 0730 to 0830 hours

Drill - Rifle marksmanship - grenade training practice - 0830 to 1530 hours

supper - 1530 to 1630 hours

Games - 1630 to 1800 hours

Review of cultural exercises (Kanji writing, Chinese and arithmetic) - 1800 to 2030 hours

Roll call - 2030 to 2100 hours

Tops - 2100 hours

For the Commanding Officer:

DIAGRAM of ORGANIZATION of the INDEPENDENT (RESERVE) DIVISION, CCF

CO: LIANG Hsin Chu (梁興初)

*Co of 3rd Bn. KAO Hua Min (　　　)

*Co of 3rd Co. WANG Ri Min (王利民)

*Commander of 3rd Plat: LI Shu Hua

Note: Number of Officers per Battalion: 4 (Commander, Adjutant, Instructor and assistant Instructor)

Number of Officer per Company: 4 (Commander, Executive Officer, Political Guidance Leader and Assistant Politcal Guidance Leader)

Approximate Number of EM; Division: 6,500 men

Regiment: 2,000 men

Battalion: 600 men

Company: 150 men

Platoon: 45 to 50 men

Squad: 12 men

Interrogators Note: PW asserted that officers in the Chinese Communist Forces were not ranked as was the case in the Nationalist Army.