CONFIDENTIAL
Classification
Charge: Embassy
SENT TO: SECSTATE, WASH 527
Control:
Date: Oct. 28, 1960 7:00PM
Deptel 371
During my call on PriMin in relation to another matter (see Embtel 521), I raised informally subject reftel, outlining for PriMin our views as there indicated. I noted that both within press and among Assembly leaders there appeared be considerable sentiment favoring limited application of so-called “revolutionary laws” and expressed confidence that PriMin would wish lend weight of his influence to such efforts in course framing and applying this legislation. I stated that although we recognize political pressures confronting government on this issue, we particularly concerned for adverse effect on ROK international reputation of sweeping ex post facto legislation and, equally Importantly, for effect such action would have in directing attention and energies ROK away from pressing problems relating to Korea's future economic and political development.
PriMin indicated his full agreement with our concern over deleterious impact of sweeping legislation advocated in certain quarters. He stated that he had been most reluctant to have consitutional amendment and legislation introduced to provide for ex post facto punishment, since this could only create apprehension and uneasiness. His efforts to avoid such legislation, however, had been frustrated by unexpectedly light sentences passed on those accused of violent action to suppress April “revolution.” These sentences, he stated, had evoked public outrage, expressed in student demonstrations, in face of which government and Assembly “practically compelled” to take action on which now embarked. PriMin emphasized, however, that he firmly believes that application new legislation should be limited to those involved in March 15 election. To go back five or ten years, he pointed out, would create great confusion since this would even involve personages like Yi Pom-sok and Chang T'aek-sang. He assured me that it had never been intent his Administration to enact sweeping revolutionary laws and that he would make every effort to minimize extent to which those laws now being considered are applied.
PriMin nevertheless vouchsafed concern over possible build-up strong public pressures against his intended efforts to minimize extent such action. He remarked that he had been criticized for his moderate approach to this problem and accused of being soft and lacking courage; his critics, he asserted, will be quick to accuse Administration of being “anti-revolutionary” if they consider government action on this front not strong enough.
Despite such apprehension, PriMin indicated he determined urge moderation and restraint in dealing with this problem. He would also warn publicly against “fifth columnists” who, he believed, were already at work trying to stir up public pressures for sweeping revolutionary laws and sweeping application of those laws in order to create social confusion. In this connection, PriMin stated emphatically that government must bring end to irresponsible student demonstrations such as occurred October 9-11. He complained bitterly of “false heroism” which evidently has infected many students and insisted students must be made understand that government cannot respond passively to their every whim and that demonstrations which lead to disorder and social confusion must cease. He has, therefore, instructed Director National Police to deal firmly with these demonstrations, even where so-called “April revolutionary students” are involved, and has urged that police force be trained to disperse such demonstrations and arrest disorderly elements, using force — but not firearms — if necessary.
PriMin also stated that he will attempt enlist support students and general public behind his effort bring such disorders to end. I suggested that he might have been considering the idea of giving a series of radio “fireside chats” that would, for example, help inform the nation of why it must set its sights upon the future rather than on the past. The radio would address the nation as a whole and not just a select group like students, some of whom might have come to regard themselves as the appointed representatives of the nation. PriMin replied that he intends make number short radio addresses outlining administration's policies not only on this problem but on all major aspects of its program.
I stated that I was glad to see that PriMin viewed problem presented by “revolutionary laws” in same light as ourselves, and that I was confident his efforts this regard would meet with support general public and responsible elements of press. Most pressing desire of Korean people is for future security and sense of progress toward solution of problems facing them; surely Koreans will understand that this national aim will only be frustrated, if nation is to be plunged into protracted period of political purges and embittering retaliations.
COMMENT: I believe PriMin fully appreciative of dangers indicated reftel and that he will act to meet them, but he will be confronted with much emotional and political resistance. Even within PriMin's own party sentiment is running strong for sweeping “revolutionary laws.” During our conversation, PriMin alluded to these pressures in noting strong demands for extensive purge of official ranks in order to reward deserving party members. PriMin stated he has resisted these demands but they pose most serious political problem he faces.
Legislation implementing recently introduced constitutional amendment is now under consideration by lower house Legislation- Justice Committee. Old Faction leaders on this committee, including legal expert Yun Hyong-nam, are urging limited application such laws. With such support, it possible that government will be able to obtain legislation considerably less extreme than indicated in emotionally-charged atmosphere immediately following court rulings of October 8.
GREEN
TPShoesmith/MGreen: ej